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surrounding desert. The report notes that the site was about 4 nautical miles south of the narrow, relatively flat valley in which US Highway 64/87 threads between moun- tains rising above 7,500 feet to peaks as high as 8,185 feet. The pilot’s experience navigating that route is unknown, but a witness at the des- tination said “it was probably minimal,” as “the few times” he’d previously flown to the ranch had likely been from the Perry Stokes Airport (KTAD) in Trinidad, Colorado.


The Takeaway An enduring mystery of aviation safety is why capable and highly experienced pilots either fail to recognize hazards that seem obvious in retrospect or knowingly choose to ignore them. In November 2007, for example, two Civil Air Patrol commanders with more than 53,000 hours between them took off from North Las Vegas on a dark night and flew their Cessna T182


straight into the side of Potosi Mountain. Complacency arising from long-standing comfort in the aircraft and airspace may have come into play in their loss of situa- tional awareness. The puzzling circumstances of the


Raton accident could lead to the conclusion that a pair of ex-military aviators suc- cumbed to the temptation to relive past glories and perhaps impress their passen- gers with a nap-of-the-earth flight over the desert at night. Nothing disclosed by the NTSB’s investigation, however, suggests that either pilot was disposed toward that kind of recklessness, though they were fly- ing a restricted-category ship outside its certification limits. Is it possible they were trying to follow


the highway through the valley but picked up the wrong road? The accident site was just north of a smaller thoroughfare, and the attempt to maintain ground contact in the dark might have accounted for the deci-


sion to fly so low. Another part of the puzzle is why the


newly installed avionics didn’t help to pre- vent the accident. However, we don’t know whether either pilot was familiar with the capabilities of the electronic displays, or even whether the displays were fully oper- ational. Set up properly, the devices could have provided terrain maps and even a heli- copter terrain awareness and warning sys- tem (HTAWS). We know the helicopter was equipped with the radar altimeter needed to provide HTAWS alerts down to 50 feet, but not whether all the required intercon- nectivities had been completed or whether either pilot knew how to invoke those func- tions. We also know that as you climb, the valleys get wider and the peaks farther apart.


Sadly, the low altitudes that helicopter


pilots love—and that serve them so well in combat, law enforcement, and inspection work—are not always their friends.


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