DEICE/ANTI-ICE
REGULATIONS Aviation regulations prohibit takeoff when frost, ice or snow is present on any critical surface of the aircraft. Regulations further prohibit pilots from flying into known or forecasted “severe” icing conditions. They further restrict pilots from flying into known “light” or “moderate” icing conditions unless the aircraft has functioning deice or anti-ice equipment protecting wings, stabilizer, control surfaces, windshield, propeller or powerplant installation from adhering contamination.
Clean Aircraft Concept
When conditions exist during ground operations that are conducive to aircraft icing, no person shall conduct or attempt to conduct a take-off in an aircraft that has frost, ice or snow adhering to any of its critical surfaces. This vital requirement is known as the “Clean Aircraft Concept" defined in ICAO [Manual of Aircraft Ground De-icing/Anti-icing Operations (Doc 9640)].
Critical Surfaces
“Critical surfaces” means the wings, control surfaces, rotors, propellers, upper surface of the fuselage on aircraft that have rear-mounted engines, horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizers, or any other stabilizing surface of an aircraft.
There is no such thing as a little ice.
In airline operations, the process of assuring that each flight will be safe must be a team effort. In smaller private operations, the pilot may have to perform all the functions. In all cases, the pilot in command is ultimately responsible for ensuring that the aircraft is in a condition for safe flight. If the pilot in command cannot confirm that the aircraft critical surfaces are free of contamination, take off should not be attempted.
Once the aircraft has been de-iced, an inspection is required to ensure that all surfaces are free from any contaminates.
Special attention must be paid to critical surfaces and to other locations:
Leading and trailing edges Engine and APU inlets Flaps and slats Spoilers and speed brakes Different sensors (ice detector, AOA sensors…) Cooling and ventilation exhaust Propeller, rotors Antennae All control surfaces Landing gear Upper and lower surface of the wing Fuel vents
3 Surface Contamination Surface Contamination 3
There is no such thing as a little ice.
[14 CFR 91 §91.527](a) No pilot may take off an airplane that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to any propeller, windshield, stabilizing or control surface; to a powerplant installation; or to an airspeed, altimeter, rate of climb, or flight attitude instrument system or wing, except that takeoffs may be made with frost under the wing in the area of the fuel tanks if authorized by the FAA.
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