GEO-6 for Youth: Africa
Percentage of food insecure households
Participatory forest management, Burkina Faso
A team of researchers from Development Impact Evaluation (DIME), partnered with the government of Burkina-Faso and embedded an impact evaluation into a pilot REDD+ project called Participatory Forest Management (PGFC/REDD+ from its French acronym) (Adjognon and van Soest 2019). The goal of the study was to evaluate whether a policy intervention geared towards climate mitigation targets could also deliver welfare outcomes such as food security. The project was part of the Burkina-Faso Forest Investment Plan (FIP) with financing from the Climate Investment Fund (CIF), and co-supervision by the World Bank and the African Development Bank. The project’s primary objective was to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of gazetted forests while reducing poverty in rural areas. As part of this programme, the communities living around the targeted forests were invited every year to participate in afforestation campaigns targeting selected gazetted forests in the country. These campaigns involved tree-planting activities in well- defined areas of the forests in exchange for immediate cash. After tree planting, groups of individuals were enrolled in PES contracts, whereby they would receive additional payments based on tree survival rate.
The impact evaluation embedded in the project was designed to answer the following main research question: What is the impact of participating in the PES schemes on participants' food security status? With widespread food insecurity exacerbated by climate change affecting the reliability of rains during the study, the study design involved randomly assigning representatives of 630 households from settlements neighbouring 11 gazetted forests to a treatment and control group. The participants were mostly farmers who depend on the forests for household needs like fuelwood. Those assigned to the treatment group were grouped into teams of five and were informed that they had the opportunity to earn money, as a group, when maintaining and keeping alive newly planted trees on a given reforestation parcel. They were given PES contracts that stated that their group would receive about US$0.70 for every tree that was still alive almost a year later and that each of them would receive 20 per cent of the total amount received.
The results suggested that participation in the PES schemes shielded farmers against food insecurity at a time where they were most prone to it (Figure 4). The payments coincided with the pre-harvest period where very few farmers still have stocks from the previous harvest. Apart from tackling food insecurity, studies have now proved that such PES schemes can also create employment (UNEP 2019).
Figure 4: Conservation incentives and food security Evidence from the Burkina Faso Forest Investment Programme (FIP)
30 40
20 10 0
(N=261)
Non Participants PES Participants
Source: Adjognon and van Soest (2019) (N=295)
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