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Foreign multinationals avoiding tax


FOREIGN MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES may under-report their UK taxable profits by about 50% relative to domestic companies, according to a recent study by Katarzyna Habu from Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation. Using a confidential UK corporate tax returns dataset from HMRC, researchers explored whether there are any systematic differences in the amount of taxable profits that multinational and domestic companies report. Identifying such differences would be important because multinationals are key global corporate players and, in the UK, contributed almost half of total revenues between 2000 and 2011. Findings suggest that foreign multinational companies report lower ratios of taxable profits to total assets (12.8%) than comparable domestic standalone companies (25.2%).


Assuming that similar sized companies from similar industries should be reporting similar taxable profits (unless they are involved in practices that aim at minimizing their tax liability in the UK), then this difference suggests that foreign multinational subsidiaries shift a large proportion of their taxable profits out of the UK. The fact that more than 60% of foreign multinational subsidiaries report zero taxable profits than domestic companies (28%) may indicate very aggressive form of tax avoidance, Habu concludes. n


i Contact Katarzyna Habu, Oxford University


Centre for Business Taxation Email dorota.pawlik@sbs.ox.ac.uk Telephone 01865 288786 ESRC Grant Number ES/L000016/1


Online tool to measure stressful life events


S


TRESS IS A major contributor to illnesses ranging from depression to cardiovascular disease. A new online method for measuring stressful life events and difficulties developed at Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Middlesex University aims to provide a reliable and more cost-effective way to assess severe life events than existing approaches. The Computerised Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR) provides an effective compromise between existing life-event checklist and interview approaches: the former fail to accurately measure in detail the severity of life events while the latter are time-consuming and costly.


CLEAR is currently being piloted


in a perinatal service in Northern Ireland. If effective it will form part of a nationwide intervention being set up by the WAVE charity to offer pregnant women tailored services which improve attachment and interaction with the newborn baby. Future users of CLEAR could include not only clinicians but also the wider public. n


i Contact Professor Antonia Bifulco,


Middlesex University Email a.bifulco@mdx.ac.uk Telephone 020 8411 3705 Web www.clearaboutstress.net ESRC Grant Number ES/K00638X/1


IN BRIEF


CIGARETTE WARNINGS The introduction of standardised (ie, plain) packaging of cigarettes in the UK means that health warnings on packs are now more noticeable. New research aims to investigate which warnings are most effective in encouraging smokers to quit or not to take up smoking. Findings will also help in developing effective warnings for other unhealthy products such as alcohol and junk food. ESRC grant number ES/R003424/1


SUSTAINABLE CITIES Migrant perspectives will be a key part of new research that aims to incorporate migrant viewpoints into urban planning to create safer and more sustainable cities. By working directly with migrant populations and urban planners in Chittagong, Bangladesh, researchers aim to generate new priorities in building sustainable places and learn lessons that can be applied across the Global South. ESRC grant number ES/P010229/1


INFORMATION ACCESS Right to access information held by public authorities has been a major feature in changes to governance in recent decades. Has the policy of providing access to environmental information successfully engaged the public and achieved the intended environmental benefits? Analysis of statistical data, questionnaires and interviews will highlight how public access is currently being used and determine any substantive impact on environmental regulation. ESRC grant number ES/P010067/1


SUMMER 2011 SOCIETY NOW 5 WINTER 2018


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