DESIGN AND RENOVATION
using primary colours that are considered appropriate for use in a paediatric hospital. Different colours were chosen for the doors of the various rooms; clinical room doors were painted green, administrative room doors in blue and outpatient room doors in yellow. The same colours were applied to the automatic doors of the three operating rooms, combined with a soft tone for floors and walls (light green, light blue and light yellow). The ceilings and the rest of walls are mainly white, while the common floor is light beige and the floors of the operating rooms are grey, blue and yellow. Ceiling heights were chosen according to function – 3 m for operating rooms, 2.7 m for clinical rooms and 2.4 m for administrative rooms.
Structural retrofitting The main hospital has three storeys, the first of which has reinforced concrete columns and walls, while those above have a wooden structure. The walls on the upper floors have seismic resistant elements and have been assembled using 4 x 6 inch oak columns that are 18 inches apart and connected at each side by a wooden dowel. Most of the walls have diagonal elements that provide lateral strength to the floors. The perpendicular walls are connected using 10 mm forged steel plates and bolts at the top and the bottom. Originally the space between the columns was filled with a mixture of clay and straw, which was removed after several earthquakes. The floor system consists of 2 x 10 inch oak beams that are 18 inches apart. For the renovation of the surgical area,
the structure had to be retrofitted because new equipment was needed for the air conditioning in the operating rooms. This had to be installed above the second floor ceiling; the weight of it had not been taken into account in the original design. In addition, a number of walls were removed to make the rooms bigger. A finite element model was used to analyse the static and dynamic effects of the weight of the new equipment. The result was that the central walls had to be reinforced with structural oriented strand board; a horizontal steel structure was installed above the surgical area and connected to the wooden structure. The main new openings were retrofitted with Vierendeel beams, connecting the vertical wooden elements of the walls with new
The children´s surgery room.
The nurse station in the recovery room.
The recovery room has space for eight patients.
steel C beams at each side of the columns with bolts. Once two steel beams had been installed at the top of the walls with one metre between them, it was safe to cut the columns below the beams.
Technical installation A new hot and cold water supply was connected to the existing hospital network. All pipe work was made of copper and surgical sinks were fitted with electronic non-touch approximation taps. The entire electrical system in the surgical area was renewed for security reasons. A general board is linked to a board on the first floor, with separate boards for each of the three operating rooms and a board for the heating, cooling and ventilation system (HVAC) located on the second floor. Each operating room has an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and an insulation transformer, as an indicator of earth leakage and an alarm. The security insulation system was made in Germany. The air handling unit for HVAC for the
operating and post-operative recovery rooms has absolute air filters (HEPA), two capacitors and a humidifier.
For the renovation of the surgical area, the structure had to be retrofitted because new equipment was needed for the air conditioning in the operating rooms
IFHE DIGEST 2019
The Catholic chapel at The Children and Cradles Hospital.
Capacitors for heat or cold are located on the roof. The controls for the thermostat and humidistat are located in each operating room and can be operated from outside. A potential improvement for a later stage is to include an independent system for each operating room. The main administrative areas are cooled or heated by four split units and capacitors. Extraction fans pull air out separately from the clinical and the administrative areas. Heat is not recovered at this stage. Pipe work for medical gases is new and includes oxygen (white), nitrous oxide (blue), nitrogen (black) and vacuum (yellow and purple). The existing vacuum central was obsolete, hence a new central, which was made in Chile was installed. Pipe work, copper fitting and silver welding were undertaken in accordance with current regulations. Gas outlets are UL quality and were made in Canada. The largest operating room includes shield lead due to the use of radiological equipment. In existing rooms, a 2 mm thick shielding coated with 15 mm gypsum cardboard was used on the walls. Settled shield at 1.5 mm thickness was used on the ceiling and under the floor to protect neighbouring rooms.
The Future A study of the hospital is currently underway, which includes current status, a gap analysis to meet technical regulations, suggestions for optimisation, criteria for prioritisation and a pre-investment study. This will enable a plan for future development to be determined.
IFHE 69
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