MATERIALS | BIO-BASED POLYMERS
Table 2: Typical properties of PEF from Avantium PEF: Property
Intrinsic viscosity, dL/g (ASTM D4603, 0.4 g/L) Glass transition point (Tg) (dry), °C (ISO 11357-2) Tensile Stress at yield (10 mm/min), MPa (ISO 527/1A) Tensile Strain at break (10 mm/min), % (ISO 527/1A) Tensile Modulus (1 mm/min), MPa (ISO 527/1A) Oxygen Permeability, amorphous, cc·mm/(m2
(ASTM F1927-14) at 23°C, 65% RH at 30°C, 65% RH at 38°C, 65% RH
WVTR 45 mm amorphous, at 38°C, 90% RH, g/(m2·24h) (ASTM F1249-13)
Value 0.89 88 90
>20 3600 ·24h·bar)
0.23 0.30 0.43
8.0
and PEF on a pilot plant scale in Geleen, Nether- lands. PEF can be used in applications where PET is currently considered, but PEF’s barrier to oxygen and CO2
is ten times higher. “PEF will be therefore
a performance material side-by-side to PET, in fact enabling plastics to reach those applications where the performance and sustainability of incumbent solutions just are not high enough, maintaining recyclability,” says Avantium. The company currently offers a 100% bio-based
high IV PEF grade for development and market introductions in rigid and flexible packaging, injection moulded articles, films and fibre applica- tions. Food contact approved grades will also be soon available. Avantium says PEF is compatible with PET
recycling assets, can be sorted using near infrared technology and recycled in a separate stream. “Should it end up in the PET recycle stream, it has no negative impact on haze, colour and other proper- ties of the resulting rPET products for content levels of at least up to 2% of PEF,” the company says.
Bio-polycarbonates Neste and Covestro are starting a strategic co-operation in Europe to promote the use of sustainable raw materials in plastics production. Covestro will be supplied with material from renew- able sources to replace a significant portion of the fossil raw materials used to date in the manufacture of polycarbonates. Over the short term, the collaboration aims to
replace several thousand tons of fossil raw materi- als in the production of polycarbonates with raw materials produced with Neste’s renewable hydrocarbons. Neste produces these hydrocarbons entirely from renewable raw materials, such as waste and residue oils and fats.
18 INJECTION WORLD | June 2020
This headlamp cover of a Mercedes E is made from transparent polycarbonate. Neste and Covestro are now starting a strategic cooperation in Europe to promote the use of sustainable raw materials in the production of such plastics
www.injectionworld.com
In the future, both companies intend to expand the scope of their partnership, also with regard to other types of polymers. At the same time, they are inviting other stakeholders along the value chains to cooperate. SABIC already has a polycarbonate based on a
certified renewable feedstock. This is a tall oil, which can be used as a feedstock in the company’s crackers. Tall oil is a by-product of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The SABIC PC is around 60% bio based, based on a mass balance concept. It provides a reduction in carbon footprint of up to 50% and has a fossil depletion reduction potential of up to 35%. SABIC’s polycarbonate based on ISCC PLUS
certified feedstock will be produced initially at its manufacturing facilities in Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands, with global availability in the future. At last year’s K2019 show in Düsseldorf,DSM announced that its engineering plastics business (since renamed engineering materials) will offer a full alternative range of its existing portfolio based on bio-based and/or recycled-based materials by 2030. It said that it would offer a full portfolio of alternatives that contain at least 25% recycled and/ or bio-based content by weight in the final product. “In particular, the portfolio of sustainable alterna- tives will leverage a toolbox of different technolo- gies and approaches such as fermentation, mechanical recycling and mass balance accounting of bio-based and/or chemically recycled feed- stock,” says the company. The company launched bio-based grades of its
IMAGE: COVESTRO
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