liver of all animals as well as to liver mitochondrial function. Laying hens’ performance has a lot to do with its lipid me- tabolisation in the liver, especially lipid de novo synthesis and fatty acid secretion capacity. Research shows that AFB1 can cause cell endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, reducing lipoprotein synthesis and leading to fatty liver syndrome. Under tests in vitro, AFB1 can reduce de novo synthesis and the transportation regulation-associated gene expression of hepatocyte lipids, reduce the anti-oxidative function and lead to lipid peroxidative injury. Zearalenone (ZEA), which is mainly metabolised in the liver, is strongly toxic for the liver and hepatocyte. This is why the liver is one of the target organs of ZEA. Research shows that feeding a diet including ZEA clearly impairs the animal liver. After acidification, ZEA gluconal is secreted into the digestive tract in bile, absorbed and transformed again by the small intestine tissue, en- tering the liver tissue via the blood circulation and joining in body fluid circulation, and it is finally excreted from the body by the kidney and digestive tract. Liver tissue will definitely be injured when ZEA and its metabolised prod- ucts enter it for metabolisation. The liver is also the biggest target organ of DON for both livestock and poultry. When laying hens are fed with a DON contaminated diet, the tri- glyceride (TG) and cholesterol level in their livers evidently increase. Research shows that a high level of DON not only leads to all kinds of liver damage, but also cause oxidative stress, ATF3 and P53 activation or inhibition, through which
it directly or indirectly regulates and controls the apoptosis pathway.
How to tackle mycotoxin One of the main sources of mycotoxin contamination in the livestock and poultry industries is feed waste. However, ex- cessive mycotoxin in diets will impair the liver, kidneys and immune system of livestock and poultry and impact their feed intake and production efficiency to a certain extent. Because of its special chemical structure, mycotoxin is hardly absorbed or degraded in vitro. Consequently, in vivo toxicity alleviation and organ damage relief is most cost-effective. Currently, bile acids (BA) as a feed additive offer the breeding industry a safe, highly efficient and green solution. Research indicates that BA has multiple advantages; not only does it promote fat di- gestion and absorption and enhance fat-soluble vitamins ab- sorption, but it also activates the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the liver. FXR induces the expression of foreign body metabolising enzymes, makes mycotoxin hydroxylated and further decomposes and cleans it, relieving the liver burden. It also ensures liver health and enhances immunity, which reduc- es damage to the body by toxins, heavy metals and mycotoxin from antibiotics and unconventional feed ingredients. Not only does BA have an unique effect on mycotoxin; it also stabilises feed quality, improves animal immunity, enhances broilers’ fat utilisation rate, and increases production performance and car- cass quality. This one product has diverse postive effects.
▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 29, No. 7, 2021
Autopsy results show congealed blood and fluid in the abdomi- nal cavity and a swollen liver that is tawny or off-white.
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PHOTO: SHANDONG
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