Not only are organic trace minerals more bioavailable and better utilized by the animal, but they can also be included at lower inclusion rates. Also, several in vitro and in vivo observa- tions have indicated that organic trace minerals, especially in the chelated form, had less destructive effects on vitamin stability than inorganic forms.
Effect of trace mineral source In a recent study looking at the effect of trace mineral source (inorganic or Alltech’s Bioplex trace minerals) on vitamin sta- bility in a premix in storage, the authors (Table 1) reported a substantial reduction in vitamin stability when the vitamins were stored in combination with the inorganic trace minerals. Overall, the vitamins in the inorganic mineral premix lost more activity than those of the Bioplex premix. Some specific findings included: • The activities of vitamin A and vitamin K in the inorganic premix were 10.36% and 6.11% of the Bioplex premix, respectively.
• The activities of thiamin and folic acid in the inorganic pre- mix were 23.77% and 33.27% of the Bioplex premix, respectively.
• The activity of vitamin D3 in the inorganic premix lost al- most 50% stability compared with the Bioplex premix, and the activities of riboflavin and pyridoxine in the inorganic premix lost 35% compared with that in the Bioplex premix.
These losses are not only substantial and costly but can also potentially create sub-clinical deficiencies and have a detri- mental effect on performance. Researchers concluded that totally replacing inorganic minerals with Bioplex minerals in a
vitamin-mineral premix can significantly increase the stability of vitamins in feed premixes containing both vitamins and trace minerals.
Impact on other ingredients Inorganic trace minerals can also negatively impact other in- gredients, including dietary antioxidants, such as BHT, and even exogenous phytase enzymes. Most monogastric feeds contain an exogenous phytase enzyme, and enzymes are also typically part of the premix where contact with inorganic trace minerals can inhibit enzyme activity. When comparing the impact of different trace mineral types and sources on the activities of three commercially available phytase products, researchers reported a significant relation- ship between phytase inhibition, trace mineral type, source and concentration. Overall, the trace mineral source with the least inhibitory effect across the minerals and phytases tested was Bioplex trace minerals. In this study, different organic trace mineral products exhibited different abilities to inhibit phytase, i.e., not all trace mineral products are created equal, emphasizing the need for product-specific research when evaluating dif- ferent products. Taking into consideration the relatively low bioavailability (lower absorption and utilisation by the animal), the fact that there is no actual dietary requirement for trace minerals in the inorganic form, and the negative impact of inorganic trace minerals in the premix on vitamin stability and enzyme activity, it makes sense to consider alternative trace mineral solutions and supplementation strategies.
▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 29, No. 2, 2021
Trace minerals and vitamins are essential nutrients that are required in adequate amounts for optimum health, reproductive efficiency and performance.
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