FEED ADDITIVES ▶▶▶


Supplementing pig diets with xylo-oligomers and xylanase


Today many US swine producers are using xylanase for its indirect effect on improving livability and feed efficiency. we explain how xylanase achieves this effect.


BY LAURA MERRIMAN, GUSTAVO CORDERO AND PETE WILCOCK OF AB VISTA T


120.00 115.00 110.00 105.00 100.00


95.00 90.00 85.00 80.00 75.00


Nursery 1 Nursery 2 Grow Finish Nursery 1 Nursery 2 Grow Finish 24 ▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 28, No. 4, 2020


raditionally, xylanases were implemented for nutri- ent release, which translated into weight gain ben- efits (4-5 lbs/2-3 kg) and a better feed conversion ratio (by 3 to 4 points). With a 1% mortality benefit


estimated to save up to $ 1.50 per pig, many U.S. swine pro- ducers are using a xylanase for its indirect effect on reduced mortality and feed efficiency. Mortality has been shown to be reduced by approximately a third by adding a xylanase to the diet. Xylanases break down the long-chain arabinoxy- lans, releasing nutrients bound by complex fibre structures which would otherwise be excreted. The end products of arabinoxylan degradation can vary, depending on the xyla- nase, whihc is probably the result of the enzyme’s effective- ness in breaking down arabinoxylan and other side effects. Although it has been suggested that the complete break- down of arabinoxylans is advantageous (i.e. more energy is


Figure 1 - Supplementation of stimbiotic to different stages of pig diets.


! ADG FCR


released), the complete breakdown into xylose (X1) has been negatively associated with the digestibility of nutrients. In- creasing xylose in the diet results in reduced growth perfor- mance and increased water intake, which is probably a mechanism used to flush the xylose from the body. The pro- file of xylo-oligomers produced by xylanases can differ, de- pending on the enzyme product and the substrate suscepti- bility to it. The xylo-oligomers produced may play an important role in maintaining gut functionality when there are health challenges.


Gut functionality The small-chain xylo-oligomers are fermented by bacteria in the distal gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a shift towards more beneficial bacteria. When xylo-oligomers are fermented by these beneficial bacteria in the lower gut, they produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). One of these, butyrate, has beneficial effects on gastrointestinal function, including re- ducing inflammation and increasing intestinal epithelial in- tegrity. In addition, butyrate has been shown to improve growth performance in production animals, alter the compo- sition of microbiota, and modify the metabolic activity of the microbial ecosystem in the intestine. In the absence – or re- duction – of a carbohydrate source in the lower gut, bacteria


Figure 2 - Livability in pigs fed with control, xylanase or stimbiotic.


Relative to control


82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98


Wean to Finish P0.05 91.4b 87.6b 96.2a


Control


Xylanase


Stimbiotic


ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR(R) 15.0 %


% Livability in pigs


ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR(R) 15.0 PHOTO: RUUD HISSINK


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