regularly to encourage feed intake. Cargill’s summer feeding solutions* have a unique blend of internal cooling elements and buffering agents which have a positive impact on performance; by maintaining feed intake, milk production and fertility. Included in the TMR, or in compound feed, Cargill’s solutions help regulate core body temperature by hydrating the cow at the cellular level, and by restoring the electrolyte balance, along with unique fast-acting, long-lasting buffering agents that support rumen function and maintain feed intake. In UK trials, they also helped maintain milk fat when compared to the control group with fat-and-protein corrected milk yield 0.5kg higher on average in the summer solution throughout the trial, and 1.5kg higher during the highest THI weeks. Additionally, pregnancy rate among the summer solution was higher resulting in a reduction in days to conception of 17 days compared to the control group.
Solutions for pigs Reducing stocking density and well-maintained climate control systems will alleviate potential heat-related issues in pig units. Furthermore, adjusting work patterns, to avoid moving and feeding pigs during the hottest parts of the day and in lactat- ing sows, more frequent feeding can encourage intake. In- creasing water availability has been shown to increase feed intake and piglet growth rates. In finishers, more water availa- bility has increased feed conversion rate (FCR) by 7.5%. Diets can also be modified to help alleviate heat stress related problems. Cargill has developed its seasonal feed programmes with its nutritional solution Coolpig at the core of this. Added to sow and grower finisher diets, this has been shown to promote feed intake and litter performance, with higher litter weights at weaning. It has also resulted in more even batches of finisher pigs with higher carcass weights. Coolpig contains specific additives that improve feed intake.
Figure 2 - Oxidative stress, disruption of the anti-oxidants/free radicals balance.
Antioxidants Normal conditions
Heat Stress
Moreover, it promotes gut integrity, which can be challenged in periods of heat stress, and it supports lower respiratory alkalosis, facilitating glucose use and improved energy efficiency. In farm trials in Europe, it has shown to increase sow intakes by 9.1% and increase piglet livability by 3%, as well as litter weight at weaning by 2.3kg. This equates to a return on investment (ROI) of 6:1 in sows. A 2.4:1 ROI in finisher pigs has resulted from an increase in feed intakes of up to 10kg in the 16kg to 110kg range.
Solutions for poultry To counter a reduction in feed intake and the associated implications of potential nutrient deficiency in birds, Cargill’s poultry feed programmes focus on rebalancing ingredients such as crude protein, amino acids, such as lysine and betaine, oil content and energy and the inclusion of complimentary feed additives. Specific heat-stress related benefits are derived from some in- gredients, like the osmo-protectant ability of betaine that promotes the water holding ability of cells. This prevents damage to proteins and enzymes from high electrolyte levels. A few days ahead and during heat-stress risk periods vitamin C, and the Cargill-developed liquid feed products D-Mite for controlling red mite, and Almaril Plus can be added to water systems at the recommended rates. This rehydrating product can be used in all poultry systems; it contains also natural antioxidants and energy for a booster effect. Due to its high palatability, it encourages water con- sumption by providing the vital electrolytes to help water ex- change and regulates osmotic pressure by providing glucose and betaine. Figure 2 shows an example of the impact of heat stress on the antioxidant balance. In Cargill trials, the weights of chicks at 36 days increased by 20.5g when Almaril Plus was used at a rate of 1.5ml per litre compared with a no-product control. Cargill’s heat stress programme for poultry also focuses on specific recommendations in farm management and ventila- tion systems to alleviate heat stress.
Antioxidants Antioxidants Antioxidants
Free radicals Free radicals Free radicals
Management and nutritional solutions Recognising the conditions that pertain to heat stress and some of its hidden consequences, which may be witnessed long after the summer ends, has enabled Cargill to develop programmes for each species that can help producers mitigate its negative effects – now and into the future. Being prepared early in the season and implementing man- agement and nutritional changes from mid-spring to support livestock throughout the summer, is good practice.
Animal antioxidant status
Animal antioxidant status
• Some factors modify the balance and allow free radicals to attack the cell’s membrane, causing negative effects if it’s not re-established. Extra antioxidants are required to prevent damage to (lipid) tissues by free radicals.
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*Cargill dairy summer solutions include Rupromin CoolCow, Equaliser CoolCow (UK & Ireland) and Refresh (France). Get in touch with your area rep for more information.
▶ HEAT STRESS | MAY 2021
Antioxidants
Antioxidants Antioxidants
Free radicals Free radicals Free radicals Free radicals Free radicals
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