BIOTECHNOLOGY


CAR T-CELL THERAPY C


Dr Emma Zhao details a new era in cancer treatment


ancer is a growing global health problem. Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising new treatment option for various


types of cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is a revolutionary new pillar of cancer treatment because it produces signifi cant and durable clinical responses. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs, also known as chimeric immune receptors) are receptor proteins modifi ed to give T-cells new abilities to target specifi c proteins. T ese receptors are chimeric because they combine antigen binding and T-cell activation functions in a single receptor. CAR T-cells have undergone four iterations. T e fi rst CAR T-cells were developed in 1987 by Kuwana et al., followed by the second, third and fourth- generation compositions. Anti-tumour activity, eff ector function and in vivo persistence with expanded improvement modifi cations on these generational compositions allow enzymatic degradation of the extracellular


matrix by solid tumours and co-stimulation of various receptors with additional ligands. Accordingly, two landmark events for CART-cell therapy occurred in 2017: the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two anti-CD19 CART-cells to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, respectively. T ere are currently


six products of CAR T-cell therapies that have been approved by the FDA (Table 1).


CAR T THERAPY IN TUMOURS T rough genetic modifi cation technology, CART-cell immunotherapy has higher targeting, killing activity, and persistence of eff ector T-cells than conventional immune cells. It can also overcome the


FDA-approved CAR T-cell therapies www.scientistlive.com 43


CAR T-cells are


playing a key role in cancer research


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