Annual Guide 2021 I SOURCE TESTING ASSOCIATION
Following completion of the above investigative work, the sub group aims to produce best practice for CEMS HCI installations and guidance for test houses on the use of transportable CEMS.
Special thanks go to Andy Tiffen, who has collated and generated the guidance document as it stands.
Another area with a lot of focus in recent years and again with the onset of the lower emission limit values is CEM total particulate matter (TPM) measurements and calibrations.
For CEMS to measure dust concentrations, the correlation between the CEM measurement principle and the actual dust concentration in the duct must be established. For this purpose, the dust concentration must be determined by means of a gravimetric measurement. This statement is taken from the operating manual from an MCERT approved CEM and holds true for all of the MCERT approved particulate analysers currently on the market, regardless of manufacturer or measurement principle.
For sites that fall under the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) EN 13284-2, in conjunction with EN 14181 is the mandatory standard for particulate calibrations. This European Standard specifi es requirements for the calibration and validation (QAL2), the ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) and the Annual Surveillance Test (AST) of Automated Measuring Systems (AMS) used for monitoring dust emissions from stationary sources to demonstrate compliance with Emission Limit Values (ELV).
The EN 13284-2 standard was originally written to demonstrate compliance with Emission Limit Values (ELV) below 50 mg/ m3
or lower and without the possibility of using surrogates to extend the valid calibration range.
, which presents the crux of the problem faced when trying to calibrate any particulate CEM. Ideally the calibration line would be made up of low, medium and higher level clusters, something that just isn’t possible with low level particulate emissions. Even more so with emission limit values at 10mg/ Nm3
To compound this issue further, measurements of very low levels of particulate concentrations using EN 13284-1 Standard Reference Method (SRM) can have a very high level of uncertainty. This uncertainty may result in the calibration of Continuous Emissions Monitors (CEM’s) being inaccurate and well outside the acceptable tolerance.
The EA’s Technical Guidance Note M20 (TGN) sets out a process for “Indicatively monitoring” the particulate emissions when it is not possible to achieve compliant calibration of Continuous Emissions Monitors (CEMs) – that is, calibration within the specifi ed levels of uncertainty.
Faced with low level particulate clusters and low ELV’s, indicative monitoring is the most effective option for Process Operators. This has been widely adopted and is the preferred method by The Mineral Product Association (MPA) Cement Members. In this process the raw values from the CEM are tracked on control charts and upper and lower margins of tolerance are set to allow for random, but acceptable variations in the outputs of the CEM. Action is taken following the same principles of EN 14181 QAL 3, if the output from the CEM changes and rises above the upper margin of error then the process operator takes immediate steps to investigate the cause of the change, and then takes the appropriate action to ensure that the readings return to within the margins of tolerance as quickly as practicable.
When reporting emissions for annual emissions inventories and when the indicative monitoring approach is applicable, Process Operator may apply two approaches, the fi rst using an average based on the results of periodic monitoring, or alternatively reporting a result which states that the emissions are not more than a result based on the allowable uncertainty of the daily average ELV expressed as a 95% confi dence interval.
The HCI guidance and best practise along with the indicative monitoring approach are two examples of the excellent collaborative work between the STA, Regulators, Process Operators and Testing Organisations.
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