www.ireng.org following conclusions can be drawn:


• Microsilica-gel bonded NCCs exhibit as good workability as LCCs and installation techniques have strong impact on mechanical properties. The mechanical strength of the shotcreted NCC-S is about double that of the dry-gunned NCC-G. Compared to LCC, the microsilica-gel bonded NCC exhibits high mechanical strength at test temperatures from 600ºC upwards.


• Due to mullite formation and less liquid formed at 1400°C, the HMOR of the microsilica-gel bonded NCCs is about double that of LCCs.


• SEM micrographs of sprayed samples confirm that mullite formation and minimal liquid phase are essential to give excellent thermo- mechanical properties. When the cement content is increased (LCC), mullite crystals may be embraced by liquid phase and will not contribute to hot strength.


• The microsilica-gel bonded NCC with EMSIL-DRY has excellent explosion resistance. 400kg blocks of modified NCC-S and NCC-G were heated from 20°C to 850°C at a heating rate of 50°C/hr with no problems.


References


1. ACI committee 506, “Guide to shotcrete,” American Concrete Institute, ACI 506R-90 Third Printing, January (1994), pp. 3, sec. 1.5.


2. William G. Allen, “Advanced equipment system for refractory placement” Unitecr vol 2, (1997), 523-530.


Technical Paper and QuickShot Directory


3. A. M. Hundere, B. Myhre and B. Sandberg: “Free flowing castables -a prerequisite for wet-gunning of refractory castables” in Proc. VII-th Int. Metallurgical Conference, Ustron, Poland, May 20-23, 1997, p. 27-36.


4. Bjørn Myhre, Cecilie Ødegård and Heidi Feldborg, “Sprayable castables, the effect of sample preparation on properties.” The XXIX ALAFAR Congress, in Pucon, Chile, Dem. 2000.


5. F. Esanu, T. Troczynski and G. Opreah: “Flash Flocculation: A New Concept for Spray-Gunning of Self-Flowing Refractory Castables” Refr. Appl. vol. 4[3] 6-9, 1999.


6. Eiji Motoki and Nobuki Tanaka, “Evaluation of quick setting additives for wet gunning installing”. Journal of Technical Association of Refractory, 21 [2] (2001); 111-115.


7. R.G. Pileggi, Y.A. Marques, D. Vasques Filho and V.C. Pandolfelli, “Shotcrete performance of refractory castable” Refractories application and news, volume 8, number 3 May/June (2003), 15-20.


8. Itsutoshi Iwasaki; Toshihiko Takeshige, Fukuoka-ken, Japan Patent US005869145.


9. Chia-Hong Chen, “Application and Research of Wet-gunning Based on Colloidal silica for Main trough of Blast Furnace”, UNITECR, (2011), 2-B2- 19.


10. Kai Beimdiek and Han-Jürgen Klischat, “Dry and wet gunning-technico- economica refractory concrete concepts for highly loaded cement plants”, UNITECR, (2013), pp156-161.


11. B. Myhre and Hong Peng, “Microsilica-gel bond castables with potentials.” Proc. 49th Symp. On Ref. Am. Ceram. Soc 2015, p.112-121.


12. EMMA (Elkem Materials - Mixture Analyzer) software, free download at: http://www.materials.elkem.com/


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