Two New Mechanisms For Herbicide Resistance Found In Palmer Amaranth • Last year, scientists discovered a


gene mutation responsible for Palmer amaranth’s resistance to PPO-inhibit- ing herbicides. • Because not all PPO-resistant


Palmer amaranth plants had the muta- tion, University of Illinois researchers went looking for another explanation. • The team discovered two additional


soybean fields. It scoffs at farmers’ at- tempts at control, having evolved re- sistance to six classes of herbicides since its discovery in the United States 100 years ago. And now, scientists have discovered it has two new tricks up its sleeve. About a year ago, a group of re-


P


searchers discovered Palmer is resist- ant to the herbicide class known as PPO-inhibitors, due to a mutation – known as the glycine 210 deletion – on the PPX2 gene.


mutations that confer resistance to PPO-inhibitors, and developed a diag- nostic test can be used in other labs. URBANA, ILL.


almer amaranth is a nightmare of a weed, causing yield losses up to 80 percent in severely infested


“We were using


a quick test that we originally de- veloped for wa- terhemp


to


determine PPO- resistance based on that muta- tion. A lot of times, the test worked. But peo- ple were bringing in samples that they were fairly confident were resistant, and the mutation wasn’t showing up. We started to suspect there was another mechanism out there,” says University of Illinois molecular weed scientist Patrick Tranel. Tranel and his colleagues decided to


sequence the PPX2 gene in plants from Tennessee and Arkansas to see if they could find additional mutations. Sure enough, they found not one, but two, located on the R98 region of the gene. “Almost all of the PPO-resistant plants we tested had either the glycine


210 deletion or one of the two new R98 muta- tions. None of the mutations were found in the sen- sitive plants we tested,” Tranel says. Furthermore,


some of the re- sistant


plants had both the


glycine 210 deletion and one of the new R98 mutations. Tranel says it is too early to say what that could mean for those plants. In fact, there is a lot left to learn about this resistance mechanism. “We don’t know what level of resist-


ance the new mutations confer relative to glycine 210,” Tranel says. “There are a lot of different PPO-inhibiting herbi- cides. Glycine 210 causes resistance to all of them, but we don’t know yet if the R98 mutations do.”


CONTINUED ON PAGE 15


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