Weed Control With Your Cover Crop CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10


before or after planting cotton, without negative impacts on yield. A cover crop that produces good biomass will likely remove one in-season herbicide appli- cation. Soybeans: Termination of cover crops


will be dependent on herbicide toler- ances of the soybean variety planted. However as a generality, if the cover crop being planted into, will not lay down when the soybeans are planted (cereal rye, wheat), measures should be taken to ‘roll’ the cover crop as some yield loss has been observed from soy- beans trying to grow through a dead but standing cover crop. Additionally, if termination is < 2 weeks prior to plant- ing, expect to use an insecticide seed treatment + a pyrethroid insecticide near planting. However, in contrast to corn, the weed control benefits can ac- tually outweigh the impacts of the added cost for controlling insects de- pending on your situation. • Conventional, Liberty Link, Rou- ndup Ready: Termination should con-


sist of Roundup (32oz) 7-10 days before planting, followed by Gramoxone + a residual


planter. • Xtend Soybeans: If the cover crop is


a cereal+legume mix Roundup+Xtendi- max/Engenia has provided excellent control, and in this system, termination can be delayed all the way until 14 days after planting. Our research has indi- cated that in this system, termination conducted 10-14 days after planting will maximize control of Palmer ama- ranth in soybeans. Lastly, cover crops DO NOT eliminate


the need for PREs or residual herbi- cides. With that being said, cover crops can also effect the efficacy of residual herbicides. In our research, products that have been effective as residuals in cover crops have been Warrant, the PPOs (Reflex, Valor…), and Metribuzin (atrazine, Caparol, and Cotoran should work also).


∆ GARRET MONTGOMERY: Department


of Plant Sciences, University of Ten- nessee


USED EQUIPMENT immediately behind the


Two New Mechanisms For Herbicide CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7 The team is now growing plants to


use in follow-up experiments. Tranel hopes they will be able to determine how common the three mutations are in any given population. “That way,” he says, “when a farmer sends us a resist- ant plant and it doesn’t come back with the glycine 210 deletion, we will be able to tell him how likely it is that he’s deal- ing with another one of these muta- tions.”


In the meantime, other research


groups or plant testing facilities could use the new genetic assay to detect the mutations in Palmer samples. Tranel hopes they will. “The more labs testing for this, the more we learn about how widespread the mutation is,” he says.


The article, “Two new PPX2 mutations


associated with resistance to PPO-in- hibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri,” is published in Pest Manage- ment Science. The work was supported by a grant from the USDA’s National In- stitute of Food and Agriculture.


Early Farm Program CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2


consumers. An enhanced PLC program will pro-


vide farmers with more income, but – there is always a but – it is very expen- sive because the payments are made on nearly every bushel, hundredweight, and bale of production and not on just the relatively small quantity that ex- ceeds demand. Secondly, in historic terms, most target price programs like PLC are not adequate for long periods of low prices. Crop revenue insurance can ade-


quately handle in-year price variability as long the price is profitable, but get a long period of prices well below the full cost of production and it performs poorly as a mechanism to stabilize farm income. Insurance works best when the


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covered risk is random in nature. Yield variability is a random risk; the price component of the revenue determina- tion is not. Where does that leave us? Short of a


supply management program, we see no options on the horizon that address the economic characteristics of crop agriculture.


∆ Dr. Harwood D. Schaffer: Adjunct Re-


search Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, University of Tennessee and Director, Agricultural Policy Analy- sis Center Dr. Daryll E. Ray: Emeritus Professor,


Institute of Agriculture, University of Ten- nessee and Retired Director, Agricultural Policy Analysis Center


∆


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