suitable temperature above the transforma- tion range and then cooled in still air to room temperature.


Offal Material that is trimmed off of a die-casting to separate it from the shot and/or clean the parting line. Orientation The position of a part or tool in a production operation. Overaging The process of aging a nonfer- rous, precipitation-hardening alloy under conditions of time and temperature greater than those required to obtain maximum strength and hardness. Oxidation a) A reaction of an element with oxygen. b) Any process which increases the proportion of oxygen or acid-forming element or radical in a compound.


Parting line The line showing the separation of the two halves of the mold.


Pattern The wood, metal, foam or plastic shape used to form the cavity in the sand. A pattern may consist of one or many impressions and would normally be mounted on a board or plate complete with a runner system. Pattern draft See draft. Pattern injection In investment casting, the process of filling the pattern die with expendable material, usually in the liquid or plastic state. Pattern layout Full-sized drawing of a pattern showing its arrangement and structural features.


Patternmaker’s shrinkage The shrinkage allowance made on all patterns to compensate for the change in dimensions as the solidi- fied casting cools in the mold from freezing temperature of the metal to room temperature. The pattern is made larger by the amount of shrinkage characteristic of the par- ticular metal in the casting and the amount of resulting contraction to be encountered. Pearlitic Pearlitic ductile iron is higher in alloy content than ferritic ductile iron. A pearlitic matrix lends higher strength. Permeability The property of a mold material to allow passage of mold/core gases during the pouring of molten metal. Physical properties Properties of matter such as density, electrical and thermal conductivity, expansion and specific heat. This term should not be used interchangeably with “mechani- cal properties.”


Pig iron Blocks of iron to a known metal-chemical analysis that are used for melting (with suitable additions of scrap, etc.) for the production of ferrous castings.


2011 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING 47


Fig. 7. In this form of shakeout, castings are tumbled out of their sand molds while workers wait at the end to detach the gates, runners and sprues with pneumatic wedges.


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180