C
Copper Alloys
ast copper alloys are known for their versatility. They are used in plumbing fixtures, ship propellers, power plant water impellers and bushing
and bearing sleeves because they are eas- ily cast, have a long history of successful use, are readily available from a multi- tude of sources, can achieve a range of physical and mechanical properties and are easily machined, brazed, soldered, polished or plated.
Properties Following is a list of physical
and mechanical properties common to cast copper al- loys. Although not every property is applicable to ev- ery alloy, the range isn’t found in any other alloy group: • good corrosion resistance, which contributes to dura- bility and long-term cost- effectiveness;
• mechanical properties rang- ing from pure copper, which is soft and ductile, to manganese-bronze, which approaches the me- chanical properties of quenched and tempered steel. Almost all copper alloys retain their mechanical proper- ties, including impact toughness, at low temperatures;
• thermal and electrical conductivity greater than any metal except silver. The conductivity of copper drops when alloyed, but it still conducts heat and electricity better than other corrosion-resistant materials;
• bio-fouling resistance, as copper inhibits marine organism growth. Although this property (unique to copper) decreases upon alloying, it is retained at a useful level in many alloys, such as copper-nickel;
• low friction and wear rates, such as with the high-leaded tin-bronzes, which are cast into sleeve bearings and exhibit lower wear rates than steel;
• good castability. All copper alloys can be sand cast, and many can be centrifugal, continuous, permanent mold and die cast;
• good machinability. Leaded copper al- loys are free-cutting at high machining speeds, and many unleaded alloys, such as nickel-aluminum bronze, are readily machinable at recommended feeds and speeds with proper tooling;
2011 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING 31
• ease of post-casting processing, as good surface finish and high toler- ance control can be achieved. Many cast copper alloys are polished to a high luster, and plating, soldering, brazing and welding also are rou- tinely performed;
• wide alloy choice, since several alloys may be suitable candidates for any
given application depending on design loads and environment corrosivity;
• comparable costs to other metals due to high yield, low machining costs and little requirement for surface coat- ings, such as paint.
Types Coppers (C80100 to 81200)—These
alloys are pure copper (99.7% minimum) with traces of silver (for annealing resis- tance) or phosphorus (a de-oxidizer for welding). These alloys are used in high thermal and electrical conductivity ap- plications, such as electrical connectors. High Coppers (C81400 to C82800)—
High copper alloys (more than 95.1% copper) are unique in that they combine high strength with high thermal and electrical conductivity. Chromium-Copper (C81400 to 81540)—Containing up to 1.5%
The bronze alloy used for this dental suction pump was selected for its high strength, mechanical properties and wear resistance.
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