chromium, the strength of these alloys is twice that of pure copper, but its electri- cal conductivity is 80% of pure copper. Applications include welding clamps and high-strength electrical connectors. Copper-Beryllium (C82000 to C82800)—These alloys contain 0.35- 2.85% beryllium as the major alloying element and are age- or precipitation- hardened. They achieve high strength due to the precipitation of a fine second phase during heat treatment. Copper beryllium alloys either achieve high conductivity at moderate strength or moderate conductiv- ity at high strength. Brasses (C83300 to C85800 and
C89320 to C89940)—The brasses are the most common casting alloys and are made of copper and zinc. Red Brass (C83300 to 83810)—The red
brasses include zinc (1-12%) and tin (0.2- 6.5%) and may contain lead (0.5-7%). In red brass, lead is present to promote pres- sure tightness in service and to facilitate free machining during manufacturing. The red color is due to low zinc con- tent. The highest volume red brass alloy (C83600) has been used commercially for
hundreds of years and accounts for more tonnage than any other alloy. Semi-Red Brass (C84200 to C84800)—
Semi-red brass has higher zinc content than the red brasses, which reduces corro- sion resistance, lowers raw material costs and lightens the color (but has little effect on strength). Because of their outstand- ing aqueous corrosion resistance, red brass and semi-red brass often are used in plumbing fittings, such as unions, valves and water meters. Yellow Brass (C85200 to C85800)—
The yellow brasses are lower in cost than the red brasses because their zinc content is higher (20-41%). In addition, they have good castability, with some alloys being permanent mold cast or diecast. Yellow brass has a pleasant yellow color that can be polished to a high luster. Copper-Bismuth and SeBiLOYS (C89320 to C89940)—The copper-bis- muth and selenium-bismuth (SeBiLOY) alloys are low-lead brass alloys that are used in food processing and potable water applications. The three SeBiLOY alloys were developed to minimize lead leaching into potable water and to repli-
Table 1. Properties and Applications of Cast Copper-Base Alloys Alloy Family UNS Numbers Properties Coppers
High Copper Red Brass Semi-Red Brass Yellow Brass
Copper-Bismuth & SeBiLOY
Silicon Bronze & Silicon Brass
Tin Bronze
Leaded and High- Leaded Tin Bronze
cate the high machinability and pressure tightness of leaded brass. This is realized by substituting selenium and bismuth for lead. SeBiLoy I and II are red brasses, and SeBiLOY III is a yellow brass. Bronzes—Bronze is an imprecise term. It
originally referred to alloys in which tin was the major alloying element. Under the UNS system, the term bronze (C86100 to 87800, C90200 to C95900) applies to a broad class of alloys in which the principal alloying element is neither zinc nor nickel. As a result, bronze is the common name for a number of alloys that contain little, if any, tin. Manganese-Bronze (C86100 to
C86800)—Manganese-bronze, which contains zinc (22-42%) as the major al- loying element, is among the strongest cast copper alloys and is used for gears, bolts and valve stems. Where economi- cally feasible, aluminum-bronze replaces manganese-bronze because it offers high strength in combination with better cor- rosion resistance. Silicon-Bronze and Silicon-Brass
(C87300 to C87800)—Silicon-bronze and silicon-brass are alloys of zinc and silicon that have low melting points and high
Applications
C80100 to C81200 soft, ductile, high electrical and thermal conductivity, good electrical connectors, hot metal handling corrosion resistance, moderate strength
C81400 to C82800 unique combination of high strength and thermal and electrical conductivity, high hardness, wear and fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance
C83300 to C83810 high aqueous and atmospheric corrosion resistance, moderate strength and electrical conductivity
C84200 to C84800 moderate corrosion resistance and strength
C85200 to C85800 pleasant yellow color, easily polished, lower corrosion resistance
C89320 to C89940 lubricity, good machinability without lead, meets potable water standards
Manganese Bronze C86100 to C86800 high strength (as cast), good wear resistance, moderate corrosion resistance
C87300 to C87800 moderate strength, high corrosion resistance, low melting point
C90200 to C91700 good corrosion resistance, ductility and wear resistance, reasonable strength, low friction coefficient vs. steel
C92200 to C94500 improved machinability and pressure tightness relative to tin bronzes, improved lubricity
Nickel-Tin Bronze C94700 to C94900 moderate strength, good corrosion and wear resistance
Aluminum Bronze C95200 to C95900 high strength, good corrosion, erosion-corrosion and cavitation resistance, good galling resistance
Copper-Nickels Nickel Silvers Leaded Coppers
Special Alloys- Incramet 800
C96200 to C96950 excellent seawater corrosion resistance, bio-fouling resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance in ammonia, high strength
C97300 to 97800 good aqueous corrosion resistance, high castability, moderate strength, pleasant silver luster
C98200 to C98840 corrosion resistance of copper with favorable lubricity and low friction, high conductivity
good thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance and thermal fatigue resistance, high hot hardness
32 METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING
electrical contacts, clamps, welding gear, bearings, molds for plastics
valves, pumps, plumbing and boat hardware, pipe fittings, terminal ends for electric cables
low-pressure water valves, plumbing, hardware, pipe fittings, faucets
decorative hardware, architectural trim, plumbing fixtures, bushings, fittings
bearings and bushings, plumbing fixtures, valves and fittings for potable water, food processing
gears, bolts, valve stems, marine fittings, propellers
bearings, gears, valve stems, intricate pump and valve components, boat propellers
bearings, piston rings, seal rings, valve fittings, gears, hydraulic and high-pressure steam parts, bells
similar to tin bronzes plus sleeve bearings
bearings, gears, nozzles, wear guides, valve and pump components, machinery parts, motion translation devices
propellers, pump impellers, pump and valve parts,
bearings, wear rings, marine hardware, pickling hooks and baskets
marine equipment including pump components, impellers, valves, ship tailshaft sleeves, pipes, pipe fillings
valves, fittings, hardware for food and beverage
handling, seals and labyrinth rings in steam turbines, architectural trim, musical instrument valves
auto main and connecting rod bearings
glassmaking molds, plate glass rolls, marine hardware
2011 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY
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