14-22 in the aviation group. Te crew size could be reduced but manpower costs are very low and the Indian Navy likes to operate ships with adequate manning, such that all combat systems can be fully manned at all times. As highlighted above, much effort


was spent on detailed design in order to reduce signatures to a minimum. For instance, the helicopter traversing gear is flush deck-mounted to reduce the RCS. Infrared (IR) signature management measures include exhaust gas cooling with Davis Engineering-supplied eductor diffuser devices, hot metal cooling, as well as engine room ventilation with sea water coolers and acoustic enclosures for the diesel alternators help in reducing hull contrast temperatures.


Equipment firsts Shivalik is also the first Indian warship to have a Combined Diesel or Gas Turbine (CODOG) propulsion plant with two Pielstick 16PA6STC diesels and two General Electric LM 2500 gas turbines driving two relatively large, low rpm controllable pitch propellers (CPP) through Renk/Elecon gearboxes. Te large, slow rpm propellers help to


reduce underwater noise levels and make for a higher cavitation inception speed compared to existing Indian warships. Te ship’s maximum cruise speed on diesels is 22knots and 32+knots on the gas turbines. Endurance is around 30 days and in excess of 5000nm. Te frigates are also the first warships


to feature the locally developed dual-redundant ‘Gigabit’ Ethernet databus, known as the Integrated Ship Data Network (AISDN-17). Tis ties in the L-3 MAPPS integrated platform management system, damage control system, ship data network, weapons, sensors, navigation system, the CCS Mk 3 communication system and the CMS-17 combat management system which was developed jointly with Russian technical partners. Electrical power comes from four


Wärtsilä WCM-1000/5 DA rated at 1MW each. A distributed power supply system using energy distribution centres is utilized to enable zoning the ship for damage control. Te design is divided into five independent gas-tight citadels/fire


Warship Technology May 2011


Operationally, the frigates are a generation ahead of the Russian-built Pr.1135.6 Talwar class stealth frigates.


zones and watertight zones for ensuring ship stability in case the ship is damaged. Each fire zone has an independent smoke clearance arrangement. The HVAC system incorporates a Total Atmospheric Control System (TACS). Another feature is a centreline passage between the two helicopter hangars, which provides a clear lobby between the helicopter deck and the inside of the ship. The armament is the usual mix of


Western and Russian systems that is common place on Indian warships. A single license-built OTO Melara 76mm gun in a stealth gun mount, a Shtil-1 surface-to-air missile system firing 9M317 missiles, an 8-cell launcher for the Klub-N missile system, two RBU 6000 anti- submarine rocket launchers, a Barak -1 point-defence missile system with 32 cells, two license-built AK-630M close-in weapons systems are fitted. Curiously, torpedo launchers were omitted. Presumably, submarines are prosecuted at longer ranges using the Klub system to deliver torpedoes via the 91RE2 anti-submarine missile while relying on the effective RBU at shorter ranges.


Sensor systems Sensors include the Salyut MR 760 M2EM Fregat 3-D search radar for the Shtil system; a brand new Elta 3D anti-missile detection radar, believed to be the extended-range version of the EL/M2238; IFF Mk XI; two


RASHMI I band navigation radars as well as two COTS Sperry Marine navigation radars. Target designation and fire control sensors include a Garpun-Bal radar for the KLUB system; two Elta EL/M 2221 directors for gunfire/ Barak missile control; the locally developed EON-51 electro-optic designator; two Russian origin M-22E gyro stabilised sights on the bridge roof and four 3R-90 illuminators for the Shtil system. Underwater sensors include a


hull-mounted HUMSA-NG sonar, an unspecified towed array system and an underwater telephone. The electronic warfare system is the Bharat Electronics- built Elora system with both passive and active functionality and locally developed CSN-56 Kavach decoy launchers. SR and MR/LR launchers. IFF Mk.X1 is standard on the search radars. An Indian-developed datalink, Link 2,


is fitted, allowing for limited networking capabilities. However, the Indian Navy is actively making progress in this field and it aims to integrate data from Indian Air Force airborne early warning aircraſt in the near future to engage targets at long ranges. Tese ships can embark two large 10tonne Sea King class helicopters. Construction of a follow-on design, the


P-17A, with improved stealth features as well as an improved combat system, is to start within the next two years. Seven units are to be built between MDL and Garden Reach shipyard in Kolkata. WT


23


Feature 3


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40