# by the numbers Women in the Workplace
Women comprise 46% of the total U.S. labor force. • In 1900, fewer than 20% of women participated in the labor market while today the number is around 75% and growing.
Women may work longer to receive the promotions that provide access to higher pay. • One example provided by the National Center for Education Statistics shows that women often have to work three years longer in a teaching position to be promoted to a principal than their male counterparts.
Women business owners employ 35% more people than all the Fortune 500 companies combined. • There are about 9.1 million women-owned businesses in the U.S., a number that comprises nearly 40% of all businesses.
•Women account for 46% of the labor force, but 59% of workers making less than $8 an hour.
Only 53% of employers provide at least some replacement pay during periods of maternity leave.
Four in ten businesses worldwide have no women in senior management. • This shouldn’t be a surprise given the way many countries feel about women in the work- place. Here in the United States, however, women still feel the stress of trying to break into upper management, with 93% of the 439 senior women executives surveyed by Korn/Ferry International in 1992 feeling that a glass ceiling for women still existed. Yet new studies report that women outnumber men as managers in fields like human resources, health ad- ministration and education.
Minority women fare the worst when it comes to equal pay. • African-American women earn 64 cents to every dollar earned by white men and Hispanic women just 52 cents per dollar. Whether it’s attitudes about race or gender that are at play, it’s clear that something needs to be done to level the playing field
6 CA Employer September 2010
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