DRUG & ALCOHOL TESTING
prevent harm; that any psychoactive substance has the potential for creating mental and physical problems in the user; that any use of such psychoactive substances may negatively aff ect the performance of safety-related aviation duties and has the potential for doing harm. Accordingly, the GCAA has decided to implement a
drug and alcohol testing program which emphasizes both deterrence and detection of abuse and so prevents the problematic use of substances of abuse by aviation workers which threaten safety in the aviation workplace. The GCAA defi nes psychoactive substance/psychoactive
drug/psychotropic substance as a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. These substances may be used recreationally to purposefully alter one’s consciousness, as entheogens for ritual or spiritual purposes, as a tool for studying or augmenting the mind, or therapeutically as medication.
ICAO RECOMMENDED AND GCAA AUTHORIZED TESTING
Under ICAO recommendation and standards and GCAA regulations, testing may be conducted for all psychoactive substances by blood (per ICAO the most accurate), breath, follicle, saliva and urine. Under Part 40 and Part 120, testing for alcohol may be only be conducted by breath, saliva or urine (by blood under special circumstances) and only urine for: • Marijuana • Cocaine • Opiates
• Phencyclidine (PCP) • Amphetamines, or • A metabolite of those drugs in the individual’s system
REASONS FOR TESTING ICAO recommends and the GCAA requires the following testing: • Pre-employment • Random • Reasonable cause/ reasonable suspicion
• Post accident/incident • Return-to-Duty • Follow-up • Voluntary
LABORATORIES The GCAA and the Authoriy both have approved testing laboratories similar to the DHHS approval process. Medical Review Offi cers, Consortium/Third
Party Administrators and Substance Abuse Professionals are approved in the UAE by the GCAA.
CATEGORIES OF TESTING OF AVIATION PERSONNEL - FOREIGN COUNTRIES LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Under ICAO’s Manual and CAAP 51, employers may drug and alcohol test all employees.
ICAO Per ICAO, an employer that has a “one population, one policy rule” testing program the program would apply test- ing all or none of its employees. Safety-sensitive categories under 5.15 include fl ight crewmember (pilots, fl ight engi- neers and fl ight navigators), fl ight attendants, maintenance personnel (including repair and inspection personnel), fl ight instructors, dispatchers, passenger and baggage screeners, ground security coordinators, air traffi c controllers, airport security and fi refi ghters. ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) contain the following: 1.2.6.1 License holders shall not exercise the privileges of their licenses and related ratings at any time when they are aware of any deterioration in their medical fi tness which might render them unable to safely exercise these privileges. 1.2.6.1.1 - Contracting States “should, as far as practicable,
ensure that license holders do not exercise the privileges of their licenses and related ratings during any period in which
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