from the household level and local and regional markets with rainfall and vegetation data from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, a provider of information on food security. Data will include the Rain- fall Estimation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (FEWS NET 2013), which is updated every 10 days. Existing health facility data, such as case incidence and admission rates, will also be used. Primary data will be collected on key food crop prices from a


selection of markets and from a Coping Strategies Index that will be calculated on the basis of a sample of households. This will be based on four kinds of locally relevant coping strategies (Maxwell and Caldwell 2008): (1) dietary change; (2) short-term measures to increase house- hold food availability; (3) short-term measures, such as fostering arrangements or sending children to relatives, to decrease the number of people a household must feed; and (4) rationing, or managing the shortfall. This program will be implemented in 53 of the 88 villages of


Kimiti. Thirty-five of these will receive the same package of services and will be rigorously monitored to test the success of the program. Eighteen will receive various elements of the program, in some instances as part of a pilot for new interventions. The remaining 35 villages will receive the benefits of the strengthened government health system in the area and will be included in the early warning system. They will also be sur- veyed to demonstrate that the intervention has worked. If these villages pass the emergency response threshold, Concern will intervene.


When early warning indicator values, which include rainfall and vegeta- tion measures, exceed a threshold level, an emergency response is trig- gered. The goal of Concern’s resilience-building package is to minimize the impact of the shock by reducing the number of hunger days, reduc- ing the number of people with global acute malnutrition, and speeding up recovery time. The provision of an integrated package should have a positive impact on child and maternal nutrition in a “normal” year but also in those years when the region experiences comprehensive weath- er-related shocks. This happens about once every three years. Figure 4.3 shows the expected impact of this program. The red


line represents the values for one of Concern’s early warning indicators in a normal year. This indicator fluctuates on a seasonal basis and may come close to the intervention threshold, represented by the dashed line. Once this threshold is exceeded (probably about once every three years), an emergency intervention is considered. The value of the indi- cator may spike in the control area (orange line), but Concern’s resil- ience-building package should reduce the magnitude and duration of the spike in the treatment area (green line).


Collaborative Resilience Programming When designing programs to build community resilience to undernu- trition, context is everything. It is important to use a framework or a set of principles that can be applied to each context that ensures that interventions are responsive to environmental idiosyncrasies as


FIGURE 4.3 CONCERN WORLDWIDE’S APPROACH TO IMPROVING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE


Response threshold Control area Normal year Treatment area


1 Source: Authors. Note: The selected early warning indicator could be, for example, the Coping Strategies Index or the price of a key staple crop. 44 Building Community Resilience to Undernutrition | Chapter 04 | 2013 Global Hunger Index


4


8


12


16


20


24 Week


28


32


36


40


44


48


52


Selected early warning Indicator


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66