4 FROM SUBSISTENCE TO PROFIT


TABLE 1 Typology of smallholder farms and appropriate strategies and interventions STRATEGIES


TYPE OF FARM


CHARACTERISTICS


Soft constraints to land size and agricultural production


• Limited access to markets and information


• Limited financial capital


• Limited access to infrastructure


• Limited access to smallholder friendly technologies


Agriculture-based


• Productive social safety nets


• Investment in infrastruc- ture, agricultural research and extension, and small- holder-friendly and cli- mate-smart technologies


• Access to innovative financial services


Transforming


• Flexible arrangements for land transfer


• Risk reduction and man- agement tools


• Access to market infor- mation (e.g., ICTs)


• Pro-smallholder, nutri- tion-sensitive value chains


• Social safety nets and improved access to housing, education, and health services for rural migrants


• Vertical and horizontal coordination to meet safety, quality, and quan- tity standards


• Enhanced role of farmers’ organizations, particularly for women farmers


Soft constraints plus hard constraints to land size and agricultural production


• High population density • Low quality soil


• Low rainfall and high temperatures


• Remote location • Soft-constraints


• Limited access to capital, insurance, and other risk reduction tools


• Social safety nets


• Nutrition-focused crop production for own consumption


• Education and training for nonfarm employment


• Migration to urban cen- ters and other agriculture areas with greater profit potential


• Vertical and horizontal market coordination to meet safety, quality, and quantity standards


• Smallholder-focused, climate-smart, and nutrition-enhancing technologies


• Investment in infrastruc- ture, agricultural R&D, and extension


Source: Authors' compilation.


• High-value and nutrition sensitive food chains


• Flexible arrangements for land transfer


• Links to urban and global markets


• Vertical and horizontal market coordination


• Enhanced role of farmers’ organizations, particularly for women farmers


• High-value crops


• Flexible arrangements for land transfer


• Clear regulatory frame- works and intellec- tual property rights to link private sector with smallholders


• Social safety nets


• Improved access to housing, education, and health ser- viced for rural migrants


• Education and training for nonfarm employment • Flexible arrangements for land transfer


Transformed • High-value production


• Reduced trade restric- tions and subsidies


• Flexible arrangements for land transfer


• Efficiency- and quality- enhanced production systems


• Vertical and horizontal coordination to meet safety, quality, and quan- tity standards


Subsistence farms Commercial smallholder farms Without profit potential With profit potential


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