will be institutionalized in the newly established Ethi- opian Agricultural Transformation Agency, which will evaluate food production, food prices, and income diversification in order to develop a national agenda for agricultural growth and food security.
3 NATURAL RESOURCE POLICIES
WATER RESOURCE ALLOCATION Natural resources must be carefully managed in order to sustain a robust agriculture sector—as well as improved livelihoods and food security—in develop- ing countries, and water is a top priority among these resources. In 2010, IFPRI researchers completed the Yellow River Basin Focal Project, which assessed water poverty and the potential of water trading for this extremely water-scarce area in China. Among other conclusions, researchers found that interprovincial water trading is a low-cost approach to addressing water shortages and that water policy in the Yellow River Basin affects food prices globally—so much so that by 2030, if Yellow River Basin irrigation water declines by 30 percent, wheat prices are projected to increase by 6 percent, maize prices by 4 percent, and rice prices by 3 percent. Other focal areas under the Natural Resource
Policies theme include
• Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduc- tion; and
• Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi).
4 RISKS AND EMERGENCIES
BUILDING RESILIENCE TO EMERGENCIES Post-emergency reconstruction—particularly after natural disasters, war, or other conflict—is critical to the food security of people in developing countries. To ensure reconstruction’s effectiveness, these efforts to rebuild must have a foundation in policies, invest- ments, and interventions already in place. In 2010, IFPRI participated in numerous projects to assess and inform recovery efforts. After Pakistan suffered dev- astating losses from flooding—more than 20 million people were displaced from their homes and damage reached approximately US$6.5 billion—IFPRI research- ers began evaluating previous natural-disaster recov- ery efforts, both in Pakistan itself and in South Asia overall, in order to suggest relevant courses of action. Lessons learned included the need to (1) make market and trade policies transparent; (2) ensure a strong institutional framework to coordinate large-scale disaster response; (3) support livelihood security and restoration in disaster recovery efforts; (4) enhance infrastructure to reduce future disaster losses; and (5) resume normal agricultural activities as soon as possible. A similar post-disaster assessment project—this
one to evaluate recovery efforts after the massive 2008 earthquake in China’s Sichuan Province—began in 2010. That earthquake, which killed at least 69,000 people and left between 4.8 and 11 million people homeless, damaged primarily rural areas: the poor- est villages were the hardest hit. The Chinese government is using an innovative recovery method: “pairing” each affected county with an economically strong county in another region. IFPRI researchers are conducting a qualitative and quantitative study and col- lecting narratives about the experience from the people involved. Gaining a clearer under- standing of China’s recovery efforts will have great value in helping other less fortunate regions, such as Haiti and Pakistan. Finally, an IFPRI study in the Demo-
Pakistan: The country’s worst flooding in 80 years had devastat- ing effects on roughly 20 million people as well as the nation’s economy and food supply in 2010.
cratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which has seen more than 15 years of intermit- tent violent conflicts, continues to look at
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