EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Liberalized and open agricultural markets can encourage agriculture-led economic growth in developing countries. However, countries moving toward a market- oriented economy may be hampered by ineffective policies, weak institutions, and inadequate infrastructure. The Markets, Trade and Institutions Division works to analyze these economic conditions and improve existing research tools and methods to recommend policy solutions that improve the livelihoods of the poor.
Markets, Trade and Institutions staff listing.
RESEARCH AREAS The Globalization and Markets (Subtheme 2.1) program applies high quality quantitative analysis using partial equilibrium models, general equilibrium models (such asMIRAGE), econometrics of trade, and databases (such asMAcMapHS6) to carry out studies focusing on three major research areas: (i) impact of trade liberalization on development, with an emphasis on the Doha Development Agenda, regional trade agreements, and preferential schemes, (ii) impact of rich country domestic policies on development, with a special focus on biofuels and domestic support programs adopted by developed countries, and (iii) identification of domestic policies that maximize the benefits of globalization, such as fiscal policies, transfers, and safety net programs.
The Participation in High-Value Agricultural Markets (Subtheme 2.2) program studies (i) the long term patterns, trends, and emerging issues in high-value agriculture (HVA), (ii) the impact of transformations in retail distribution (supermarkets), (iii) the impact of adoption of marketing institutions (such as contract farming), and (iv) the relationship between HVA adoption and poverty. The scope of research within this subtheme can be i) global, focusing on one subsector or ii) national, covering one or multiple high-value commodities.
The Institutions and Infrastructure forMarketDevelopment (Subtheme 2.3) program focuses on two areas: (i) the role of institutions and infrastructure in market development and (ii) agri-business and retail chains. The subtheme works on both horizontal and vertical coordination of institutions to improve the linkage of small farmers to markets. The subtheme also conducts impact evaluations of all hard infrastructures: water, electricity, roads, and information and communication technologies. The research program incorporates three dimensions of analysis: (i) the heterogeneity of small farmers, (ii) the complementarity of investment in rural institutions and infrastructure, and (iii) the level of market accessibility.
The Food andWater Safety (Subtheme 8.2) program emphasizes four major research areas: (i) understanding the dynamic relationship between food and water safety and food security, (ii) evaluating the cost of compliance of increased food safety requirements for smallholders, (iii) identifying cost-effective control strategies to reduce food hazard risks in order to maintain market access, and (iv) assessing the impact of food/water safety interventions on food security, health, and nutrition using rigorous methods for monitoring and evaluating the impact of interventions.
TheUrban-Rural Linkage andNonfarmRuralDevelopment (Subtheme 6.3) program, which is co-led with DSGD, currently focuses on two fronts: (i) setting up a general equilibrium model to understand aggregate effects on more dynamic rural-urban interrelations and evaluate policy options for rural development and poverty reduction and (ii) designing a behavioral experiment that aims at evaluating the changes in remittance-sending behavior as a result of economic crises.
The division‘s work contributes directly to CGIAR Research Program (CRP) 2, Policies, Institutions, and Markets to Strengthen Food Security and Incomes for the Rural Poor. The subthemes are all closely linked and strive to produce cutting-edge ideas and knowledge that support CRP 2‘s three main themes: (i) policies and investments that accelerate pro-poor growth, (ii) enabling institutions and governance for the poor, and (iii) value chains linking smallholder farmers to markets. In addition, the division plays a key role in the food safety component of CRP 4: Agriculture for Improved Nutrition and Health, which will focus on integrating agriculture, health, and nutrition (AHN) in development programs implemented at the CGIAR community level.
2010 Internal Program Review-Markets, Trade and Institutions
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