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W
orking horses have been fed the same way for centuries—forage plus grain. Forage took care of the energy re-
quirement when the horse was at rest, but once the horse was in work, the diet included some type of grain. Grain was added be- cause by itself the forage could not supply adequate energy (calories). The type of grain differed depending on availability in the area. Even now, when most horses are not used for work, the tradition of feeding grain remains, and there are many horsemen who think that horses need it. Changing the way modern horsemen think a horse needs to be fed can be traced to one individual. In the early
1990s, a forward- thinking researcher observed the fl uctuations
in weight gain of Thoroughbred yearlings as pasture grasses seg- ued from winter to spring. He spec- ulated that the dips in weight just as grass was getting green and lush were due to the high sugar content of the grass. The yearlings were also being fed a high-starch feed, and he felt that all the starch from the grain and sugar from the grass were affecting the microbial population
in the hindgut, which in turn disrupted energy production and thus their ability to grow. He postulated that if the yearlings were fed a diet high in fi ber instead of starch, it would moderate the sugars in the grass and allow the horses to maintain steady growth. Further, he believed the high-fi ber product should contain
several types of fi bers that varied in their rate of fermentability; some would ferment slow, others fast. The experimental diet con- sisted of fi bers like oat straw, soy hulls, and beet pulp. In order to get the same amount of calories in the high-fi ber feed as in the high-starch/high-sugar feed, he added corn oil. In several years of testing the feed, he found that the high-fi ber feed indeed had the desired effect. He then tested the feed on all of the horses on the research farm. The high-fi ber/high-fat feed was tried on broodmares to see what effect it had on fertility, milk production and composition. The feed was also tested in endurance horses,
which are now known to benefi t from high-fi ber/high-fat diets. A glitch with the experimental feed was soon discovered: it
was diffi cult and expensive to manufacture, so the exact feed never made it to the market in the US. However, using the same principles and similar ingredients, feed manufacturers now pro- duce a large variety of high-fi ber/high-fat feeds, better known as “low-starch” feeds.
WHAT IS FIBER? Fiber is a nutritional term that gets thrown around a lot when
speaking about feeding horses, but exactly what is fi ber? Are all types of fi ber equally utilizable by the horse? Fiber is a term that loosely describes structural carbohydrates. A plant is made up of cells, and each cell has a cell wall made primarily of structural
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