CASE STUDY WHISTLER OLYMPIC VILLAGE


on all of the pumps and the reclamation of energy from the connected buildings. Measurements cover the period from August 2010 to August 2011. As of June 2013, the DESS has shown


a 47% reduction in energy, compared to traditional natural gas heating systems, and a 39% reduction compared to electric systems. The results, based on data received from the installed monitoring equipment, compare initial calculations with total energy savings. The site estimate for the completed project was calculated as being 4.69GW. This total site load was estimated, using


general energy intensity values per floor area and by inserting these figures into in-house energy software. The daily heating load was initially modelled for the site using 2004 temperature data and assumed balance temperatures. To estimate the total load for the measured year (August 2010 to August 2011), the initial weather data was replaced with 2010-2011 weather data, and the balance temperature was adjusted such that the modelled DESS loads matched the measured DESS loads.


Cost effectiveness The capital cost for the completed village’s DESS was estimated at US $4-5m (£2-£3m). A comparable conventional district heating system was estimated at between $25m


(£15m) and $33m (£20m) – $20-$25m (£12- 15m) for insulated steel pipe and $5-$8m (£3-5m) for the energy centre. The DESS: uses high-density polyethylene, uninsulated piping; operates at ambient temperatures; benefits from energy sharing between buildings in heating and cooling modes; and requires fewer capital and operating costs.


Environmental impact Reduction in greenhouse gases is a key factor in the installation of the DESS. The provision of polyethylene for all of the underground piping and the possible future use of tertiary effluent for non-toxic water distribution – such as treated sewage water used for toilet flushing – are examples of impact reductions. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with space heating, space cooling, and domestic hot water were calculated using electricity and natural gas consumption. Electricity in


British Columbia is assumed to produce 0.022 tCO2


e. The GHG emissions for a


50/50 mix of standard distributed natural gas heating and electric heating and cooling were calculated as 497 tCO2


e per annum. The DESS, using wastewater heat recovery, 44 CIBSE Journal February 2014


Polyethylene piping was laid across the site Heating load source


Heat pump heat 85%


Back-up heat 15%


Heat pump electricity


21%


DESS boiler 10%


DESS effluent 54%


Energy source


Electricity used by all attached heat pumps Electricity used by all circulating pumps Back-up electric heat


Back-up natural gas heat


Natural gas used by central boilers Total


Design heating load (calculated) Total annual site load (calculated) Total DESS energy consumed Total DESS efficiency


Energy savings of using district energy sharing system reduced the typical emissions by 285 tCO2 e,


which is a 57% reduction, or equivalent to taking approximately 57 cars off the road. On completion, it is projected to provide a 70% reduction in greenhouse gases. CJ


RICHARD PERRY C.ENG, P.ENG Fellow ASHRAE, a senior engineer emeritus and ASHRAE president from 1983-84; TOM REN P.ENG, Member ASHRAE is project engineer for alternative energy at DEC Engineering. Both are members of ASHRAE’s British Columbia chapter


The DESS has shown a 47% reduction in energy


compared to traditional natural gas heating systems, and a 39% reduction compared to electric systems


Annual loads 836 MWh 220 MWh 605 MWh 213 MWh 759 MWh 2,633MWh


2.65 MWh 3,949 MWh 2,633 MWh 150%


www.cibsejournal.com


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80