ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS MONITORING AND VERIFICATION
Under RE:FIT five air handling units have been upgraded at Newham University Hospital
All parties should agree and sign off the baselines, as they form an integral part of the final contract, and they will ultimately determine in which direction the money will flow
being produced from records of previous energy consumption. However, if the system being installed is completely new, or if no historical data exists, it may be possible to provide a simulation using a computational model (option D). However, it is important that the simulation
is calibrated to actual conditions as real data becomes available in order to provide confidence that the original baseline is reliable. An example might be for a new building, simulated to show the impact of various ECMs, to be incorporated into the final design compared to them not being incorporated. Calibration would entail comparing the actual
A RE:FIT project at NHS Waltham Forest Primary Care Trust aims to save 139 tonnes of CO2
per annum
operation to simulations (with ECMs) to demonstrate the reliability of the modelling. Option D may also extend to individual sub-systems, where no historical data exists.
Baselines Baselines are an all-important feature of M&V. They may be very simply and easily determined (as in the lighting example given above), or else may require detailed analysis with either statistical interpretations, or (as with Option D) complex simulations. Clearly a level of expertise is required in order to develop the baselines, or to scrutinise and verify that they are fit for purpose. All parties should agree and sign off the baselines, as they form an integral part of the final contract, and they will ultimately determine in which direction the money will flow.
One typical type of baseline would be a plot
of gas consumption against heating degree- days, which provides weather correction to expected energy consumption in a given month. This would apply, for example, in a replacement boiler installation, or other measures affecting heating demand. Where a good correlation exists (with limited amount of scatter) this can provide a reliable way of determining whether savings are being made. However, what happens if some operational
change occurs after the ECMs have been implemented, for example operating hours
44 CIBSE Journal December 2012
www.cibsejournal.com
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