Habitat loss and degradation, including from unsustainable agriculture and infrastructure development; unsustainable exploitation; pollution and invasive alien species remain predominant 

threats to terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. All contribute to a decline in ecosystem services, which may lead to increasing food insecurity and endanger poverty reduction and the improvement in human health and well-being.

The CBD Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing provide opportunities to develop a concerted global approach to reverse the decline of biodiversity. To achieve this, it would be helpful to sharpen policy makers’ awareness of the contribution of biodiversity and ecosystem services to human well-being, as well as to further integrate policies and institutional responses. These include incentives for and effective engagement with indigenous and local communities as well as the private sector.