Figure 12: Relative costs of different methods of supplying water in China Source: 2030 Water Working Group (2009)
SOURCE: 2030 Water Resources Group Estimated child mortality Estimated child morbidity (stunting) 260 Fresh water transfer – intra-basin
Incremental availability billion m3
New laundry machines
Power: Dry cooling Retrofit toilets
20% reduction
10% reduction
Current
Average proportion of childhood deaths (<5 yrs)
0.0 (Low) 0.2
Morbidity Mortality
0.35 (High) -3.2 Kilometres
Figure 13: Predicted effect of a 10 per cent and 20 per cent reduction in the proportion of people obtaining their primary water supply from surface water or unprotected well water on child mortality and child
morbidity (stunting), Niger River basin Source: Ward et al. (2010)
Average age for height ratio (St. Dev. below ref. median)
0 400 800
134
Cost of additional water availability in 2030, $/m3