Indonesia and south-east Asia generally (Corlett 2004), but it is well known that many extremely important species are at least partially dependent on pollination by animals. Examples are the notoriously odorous durian (Durio zibethinus), coffee (Coffea arabica), cocoa (Teobroma cacoa), mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (Persea americana) and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). For these and many other crop species, it is not yet known how forest loss, degradation and fragmentation will affect future yields, but studies in other parts of the world show that the effects can be dramatic, leading to reductions in pollinator species abundance and diversity, and significant declines in agricultural yields (Klein et al. 2007; Gallai et al. 2008; Potts et al. 2010).
Durian fruits hanging in a tree (Perry van Duijnhoven)
A woman collecting coffee in a plantation in Central Aceh (Perry van Duijnhoven)