Access Control Glossary of Terms
Fail Safe: On loss of power, access points will automatically unlock allowing free access, and signal the card access system of a device malfunction or loss of power.
Fail Secure: In an access control system, a condition whereby controlled doors automatically lock in the case of equipment failure of power loss.
Fail Unlocked: An electric lock that automatically unlocks with any power interruption. Also called fail-safe.
Global Linking: An input at one Access Control panel effecting the output at another.
Guard Tour: A defined route of a security guard.
History: A log of system activity that can be recalled by utilizing the report command. Most systems offer a feature that notifies the console operator of the amount of available storage for history information preventing information form being written over. The message will usually alert the operator to archive the information onto a removable magnetic tame.
Ingress: Enter (opposite of egress). Key Switch: A switch which must be operated with a key.
Keypad: A device for inputting information into a computer controlled system for the purpose of arming and disarming an alarm system, or operating an access control system.
LCD: An acronym for Liquid Crystal Display. LED: An acronym for Light-Emitting Diode.
Magnetic Stripe: A band of ferrous material that is sealed onto or into a card key or credit card.
Modem: A device that converts the computer system’s digital information into analog information and transmits it over a telephone line. Another modem must be used when the information is received to convert the information back from analog to digital.
Momentary Switch: A switch that, after being activated, automatically returns to its original position; a spring-loaded contact, that when pressed closes two contacts, and when pressure is removed, opens the contact.
Output Relays: The auxiliary relays found in access control panels or NODES that control external devices.
Panic Bar: A device, usually a small electrical switch in a mounting plate, used for unlocking a door in a emergency.
Parking Gate: A barrier that can be opened or closed to control vehicular access.
Passive Infrared (PIR) Detector: A sensor which detects the changes in the infrared light radiating from a human being.
Proximity Card: A radio frequency based card technology that utilizes a microcircuit which, when presented to a proximity reader, activates the cards’ circuitry, thus transmitting the data stored in the card.
Reader: Any device that reads encoded information from a card or a token and transmits the information to a control panel.
Shunt: To bypass. When an alarm is bypassed so that it doesn’t activate, it is said to be shunted.
Shunt Time: The time in seconds that a door-open alarm is suppressed after the door has been opened.
Smart Card: An identification card containing an integrated circuit allowing it to receive and store data, which gives it unlimited microprocessor intelligence.
Standalone: An access control system that makes its own access decisions without communicating with a central controller.
Strike: A plate mortised into or mounted on the door jamb to accept and restrain a bolt when the door is closed. In some metal installations or with a deadlock, the strike may simply be an opening cut into the jamb. (Synonym: keeper)
Strike Plate: A plate, usually of metal, mortised into or mounted on the door jamb to accept and restrain a bolt when the door is closed.
Tailgating: In access control, tailgating is the act of one or more individuals entering a controlled area by using a single card. Also the act of following an authorized person into a controlled area.
Time and Attendance: The means of recording employee time and attendance through a computer-controlled reader.
Time Schedules: Allows for Access based on time of day, date and user. Also allows for holidays, etc.
Turnstile: A pair of rotating gates.
Transaction: A record created that contains pertinent information about an occurrence in the access control monitoring system.
Transient Suppressor: A device that protects data lines from high transient such as lighting and inductive loads. They are recommended where there are data communications lines between the reader and its electronics which are subject to high-transient situations. Two are required: one at each end of the exposed communications lines.
Twisted Pair: A cable composed of two small substantially insulated conductors, twisted together with or without a common covering. Belden 8720 cable, for instance, contains two twisted shielded pairs of stranded wire.
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL): An independent, not-for-profit organization which tests products in the interests of public safety.
Wiegand Card Key: A plastic card approximately the shape of a credit card, which has an embedded module of inert, specially treated ferromagnetic wires which generate a voltage pulse that can be sensed by a coil within the card reader.
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