Access Control Glossary of Terms Access Control Design & Installation Considerations
Planning Considerations • Request site drawings and building prints, these will be used to indicate where access devices are to be installed. • Obtain your customers systems requirements in writing. • ALWAYS VERIFY SYSTEM DESIGN WITH LOCAL FIRE OFFICIALS. In addition to NFPA standards, many cities and towns have their own requirements and codes. It is essential that you consult with these codes when installing access control systems. (Consult ANSI/NFPA101 Life Safety Code.)
System Integration Possibilities and Expansion Add on to the Basic System • When laying out an access control system, keep in mind that there are many opportunities beyond the initial installation. Many of the Access Control software packages incorporate CCTV control, Graphical Displays of a facility incorporating alarm conditions etc., as well as control of gates for parking lots, and even elevator control. When these other technologies are incorporated into the access control system the profit opportunities become very attractive.
Leave Room for Expansion • Remember that in a typical access installation the customer’s requirements often grow with time. This presents opportunities to expand the system for more users, more doors, additional facilities and protection of inner areas like computer rooms and manager offices.
Access Control Glossary of Terms
Access Card: A coded employee card, usually the size of a credit card, recognizable to the access control system and read by a reader to allow access. It can be used for photo identification of the cardholder and for other date collection purposes. Card technologies include magnetic strips, wiegand-effect, proximity (active/passive), barium ferrite, and smart /intelligent cards.
Access Code: Any system of method which automatically controls the passage of people and vehicles into or out of an area of structure.
Access Level: The door or combination of doors and/or barriers an individual is authorized to pass through.
Access Mask: Electronic alarm masking suppresses the annunciation of an alarm in condition that would have reported the “secure” mode of operation. Masking does not block the reporting ability of tamper or fault conditions that may not be seen when alarm shunting is used.
Access Point: Each means of entry into a controlled security area, consisting of a card reader, monitor switches and/or latches. Access points are wired to an access control panel.
Access Time: The period of time during which an access point is unlocked. (Also see shunt time).
Access Relay: An electrically operated switch that is activated when access is granted to unlock a door.
Annunciator: An audible and/or visual signaling device.
Anti-Passback (Anti-Tailgating): A feature of an access control system that prevents successive use of one card to pass through any door, turnstile or portal in the same direction. To attain this type of protection, a separate reader is required at each entry and exit. Anti-passback prevents a card from being passed back to another person for the purpose of unauthorized access.
Audit Trail: A listing created which may be created in real time which may be used to monitor the progress of a person through protected areas.
Badge: To use a card key in a reader to gain access to protected areas; a card key itself, especially on with a photo I.D.
Bar Code Reader: A device that scans bar code information and transmits it to a central computer or Control unit. These units can take the form of readers, wands, or gun shaped scanners.
Biometrics: Refers to readers that identify human attributes such as fingerprint, hand geometry, voice recognition or retinal analysis.
Buffer Capacity: Refers to the amount of information the system can store, this may include the users, time of day and specific door.
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Enclosure: A box or cabinet usually constructed of metal that houses system components, such as circuit boards and other electronic and electrochemical controls and circuitry.
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM): A programmed memory (often in a chip) that can not only be read, but can be repeatedly erased under high-intensity ultraviolet light and reprogrammed.
Executive Privilege: An option which allows a cardholder unlimited access to all operational access points. Access may be without the system referring to any other access parameters, or there may be a PIN-code requirement has been enabled.
Exit Switch: A push button, switch mat, proximity detector, or other device which starts a timer in the reader interface electronics when someone is leaving through a controlled entry or exit. The timer bypass (shunts) the door-open detector for a selected period of time.
Facility Code: A code typically used in security and access control system that identifies the customer of location of the system.
Coercivity: The property of a magnetic material, as on magnetic stripe keys, which is a measure of the coercive force. It is used when describing the strength of magnetic saturation when discussing magnetic stripe card keys.
Database: A collection of data used and produced by a computer program. The files created at the host of the access control system forms its database.
Device Address: Value set on an access control device to determine its unique identity.
Distributed Intelligent Devices: Access control devices that make their own access decisions, uploading event messages periodically, to the central processing unit for storage.
Door Open Time: The time allowed for a controlled door to remain open after a valid entry. At the expiration of this time, the system records a transaction which may be defined as an alarm. If the alarm bypass relay is used, it would also de-energize at the end of this time.
Egress: Exit, depart, leave (opposite of ingress).
Electric Door Strike: An electric door locking device, usually solenoid operated, that will unlock a door when electric power is either applied, or removed, depending upon the configuration.
Electromagnetic: Pertaining to combined electric and magnetic fields associated with movements of electrons through conductors.
Access
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