p400-401:Layout 1 15/5/07 13:00 Page 1
i Technical Information
Type of system
Fire - Security & Safety
Most emergency lighting schemes fall into one of the following categories:-
(a) Non-maintained - The emergency light units only illuminate in the event of a mains failure.
(b) Maintained - The emergency light units are illuminated at all times using the same lamps
EMERGENCY LIGHTING REGULATIONS (Effective from 15th October 1999)
for both normal and emergency operation.
(c) Sustained - The emergency light units are fitted with 2 No. Lamps or 2 No. Sets of
Guidance on new Regulations for Emergency Lighting of Premises
lamps, one of which operates on mains 240V a.c. supply, the other which
operates from the battery supply in the event of mains failure. It is
An emergency luminaire will either be of the self-contained type, i.e. with all components integral
basically a non-maintained system with the addition of mains lamps which
to the luminaire body (battery, charging circuit, mains ballast etc), or ‘slave’ to a central battery
should be illuminated whenever the premises are occupied.
system where only the lamp (and an inverter if fluorescent) are located within the luminaire body
and the supply on power failure is fed from some centralised point.
The type of system and emergency duration is often expressed in abbreviated form as per the
following examples:-
The majority of systems installed in the United Kingdom are of the self-contained type, but both
M3 – Maintained System, emergency duration 3 hours.
options have their own advantages and disadvantages. These are summarised below for
NM2 – Non-maintained System, emergency duration 2 hours.
guidance:
S1 – Sustained System, emergency duration 1 hour.
CENTRAL BATTERY SOURCE
Local regulations
Advantages:
Local authorities and Fire Prevention Departments quite often publish their own recommendations
- Maintenance and routine testing is easier with only one location to consider;
regarding the types of system and emergency durations, and these of course must be taken into
- Superior battery life, between 5 and 25 years dependant upon type;
account when designing a system as they may compliment BS 5266 or even over-ride it. It should
- Environmentally stable in a protected environment, luminaires able to operate at relatively high
always be borne in mind that the system, once installed will have to comply with the most stringent
or low ambient temperatures;
of the requirements, whether the British Standard or the Local Authority regulations prevail.
- Large batteries are cheaper per unit of power and luminaires are usually less expensive.
How much light?
Disadvantages:
Having decided on your basic system consideration should now be given to the siting of the
- High capital equipment costs;
lighting units and signs within the particular premises involved, which will then form the basis on
- High installation and wiring costs with essential MICC or Pirelli FP200 type cable to each slave
which your selection of equipment can be made. The actual degree of illumination should be
luminaire;
closely related to the nature of both the premises and its occupants with special consideration
- Poor system integrity – failure of battery or wiring circuit can disable a large part of the system;
being given to old persons homes, hospitals, crowded areas such as pubs, discos and
- Requirement for ‘battery room’ to house cells and charger circuits etc, may also require
supermarkets, and to whether or not the premises are residential.
ventilation of acid gases;
- Localised mains failure may not trigger operation of emergency lighting in that area.
BS5266 recommends a minimum level of only 0.2 in corridors (permanently unobstructed) and 0.5
- Voltage drop on luminaires wired furthest from the central battery could become a problem.
lux minimum for anti panic areas to exclude 0.5 metre border around the room.
SELF-CONTAINED – SINGLE POINT
(Detailed computer point calculations or luminaire manufacturers spacing tables should be used)
Advantages:
- Speedy and low cost installation procedure;
Siting of luminaires/signs
- Standard wiring material may be used (failure of mains supply due to cable burning through will
Lighting units and signs should be sited so as to clearly show the exit routes leading to the final
automatically satisfy the requirement for a luminaire to be lit);
exits from the premises. Where the exit route or final exit is not readily identifiable a sign should
- Low maintenance costs – periodic test and general cleaning only required;
be utilized rather than a lighting unit. Particular attention should be paid to individual stairways,
- Low hardware equipment costs – no requirement for extended wiring, special ventilation etc.
changes in level, corridor intersections, changes in direction, the outside of each final exit,
- Greater system integrity with each luminaire independent of the other;
control/plant rooms, lifts, toilet areas over 8m
2
(although in some peoples opinion all toilets of
- System can easily be extended with additional luminaires;
public access and especially those for the disabled should have emergency lighting).
- No special sub-circuit monitoring requirements.
Access to fire alarm call points, fire fighting equipment etc. Should be clearly illuminated.
Disadvantages:
- Limited environmental operating range (batteries may be adversely affected by a relatively high
In general, if common sense is used when siting the luminaires and signs to cover these areas,
ambient temperature);
then the completed scheme will meet most requirements. Ballrooms, dancehalls, licensed
- Battery life is limited to between 2 and 4 years dependant upon application;
Cinemas, licensed Bingo halls and Ten Pin bowling alleys are subject to other requirements and
- Testing requires isolation and observation of luminaires on an individual basis.
standards.
In general then, the decision to use either a central battery or a self-contained system is likely to
Guidance on new regulations for emergency lighting of premises, Ballrooms, and Dancehalls,
be cost dominated. If an installation has longevity and low maintenance as priorities, then the
licensed Cinemas, licensed Bingo halls and Ten Pin bowling alleys.
higher cost of central battery may be acceptable on a very large project. Usually, luminaire and
installation costs will be a major consideration, particularly on smaller jobs, and it is this criterion
This guide is based on the requirements of BS5266-1:1999 and BS5266-7:1999 (also designated
which makes the self-contained luminaire the most popular choice.
as BSEN1838:1999). This guide outlines changes to BS5266:1988 and is written in addition to the
requirements shown in detail in the Tamlite Emergency Catalogue. Details also available from
Basic Installation Design
Tamlite Technical (01952) 292441.
The design of an emergency lighting scheme in the context of BS 5266: part 1: 1999, the code of
practice for emergency lighting of premises, with particular reference to the contractor designing
the installation.
Defined Escape Routes (Existing Buildings)
What is emergency lighting?
Emergency lighting is a self-descriptive term. It is of course lighting for an emergency, whether it
be caused by fire – when it is essential to quickly locate fire fighting equipment and identify exit b
routes from the premises, or break in the normal lighting supplies leading to sudden darkness and
2m
the resultant hazard to human life, either through physical danger or panic. a
Emergency lighting is normally required to operate fully automatically and give illumination of a
For routes that are permanently unobstructed and up to 2m wide the horizontal illuminance at floor
sufficiently high level to enable persons of all ages to evacuate the premises safely.
level on the centre line (b) of the escape route shall be at least 0.2lux. A minimum of 1lux is
preferable and essential where there are points of emphasis. The shaded area (a) is an area
Most new buildings now have emergency lighting installed during the course of building, the
covering 50% of the route width. This should be lit to a minimum of 0.1lux. Wider escape routes
design and type of equipment normally being specified by the relevant local authority, Architect or
should be treated as a multiple of 2m bands. The required illumination time following power failure
Consultant.
in 5 seconds. (This may be increased to 15 seconds with the approval of the local authority.
The British Standard provides the would be emergency lighting scheme designer with laid down
The ratio of the maximum to the minimum illuminance along the centre line (b) shall not be more
guide lines which form the general basis for him to work on. British Standard BS 5266: part 1:1999
than 40:1 (0.025) .
includes in its scope Residential Hotels, Clubs, Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Schools and Colleges,
Licensed Premises, Offices, Museums, Shops, Multi-Storey Dwellings etc. Although this standard
recommends the types and durations of emergency lighting systems relating to each category of
premise it should be remembered that the standards are minimum safe standards for the types of
premises and that a higher standard may be needed for a particular installation.
Please Note: All prices shown exclude V.A.T.
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