Chrominance The colorpart of a television signal, relating to the hue and saturation but not to the brightness or luminance of the signal. Thus pure black, gray and white have no chrominance, but any colored signal has both chrominance and luminance. Although imaging equipment registers red, blue and green television pictures are handled and transmitted as U and V, Cr and Cb, or (R-Y) and (B-Y), which all represent the chrominance information of a signal, and the pure luminance (Y). See also: YUV, Y,Cr,Cb, Composite

CIE International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) is devoted to international cooperation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the science and art of lighting. It is a technical, scientific and cultural, non-profit autonomous organization that has grown out of the interests of individuals working in illumination. It is recognized by ISO as an international standardization body. See also: X´Y´Z´ Website: www.cie.co.at/cie

CIF

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See Common Image Format CIFS

Common Internet File System – is a platform-independent file sharing system that supports rich, collaborative applications over the internet which could be useful for collaborative post workflows. It defines a standard remote file-system access protocol, enabling groups of users to work together and share documents via the Internet or within intranets. CIFS allows multiple clients to access and update the same file, while preventing conflicts with sophisticated file-sharing and locking semantics. These mechanisms also permit aggressive caching and read-ahead/write-behind without loss of cache coherency.

CineAlta

Sony brand for products designed for the digital cinematography market. See also: HDCAM

Cineon (file) An RGB bitmap file format (extension .cin) developed by Kodak and widely used for storing and transferring digitized film images. It accommodates a range of film frame sizes and includes up to full Vista Vision. The format was partly designed to hold virtually all the useful information contained in negatives and so create a useful ‘digital negative’ suitable as a source for post production processing and creating a digital master of a whole program. See also: 10-bit log, DPX

Clip

The name is taken from the film industry and refers to a segment of sequential frames made during the filming of a scene. In television terms a clip is the same but represents a segment of sequential video frames. A video clip can also be recorded with audio or have audio added to it.

Clone

An exact copy, indistinguishable from the original. As in copying recorded material, e.g. copy of a non-compressed recording to another non- compressed recording. If attempting to clone compressed material care must be taken not to decompress it as part of the processor the result will not be a clone.

Codec

Originally short for a combination of a coder and decoder but now often used to describe just one or the other. Mostly codec refers to a compression coder or decoder such as JPEG, MPEG or JPEG 2000.

Coded (video) See Composite

COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing – a modulation scheme which is used by the DVB digital television system. It allows for the use of either 1705 carriers (usually known as ‘2K’), or 6817 carriers (‘8K’). Concatenated error correction is used. The ‘2K’ mode is suitable for single transmitter operation and for relatively small single-frequency networks with limited transmitter power. The ‘8K’ mode can be used both for single transmitter operation and for large area single-frequency networks (SFN). The guard interval is selectable. The ‘8K’ system is compatible with the ‘2K’ system. Initially only 2K was possible but now 8K is more normal. There has been much discussion about the relative merits of COFDM vs the 8-VSB scheme used in the ATSC standard. The Japanese ISDB system uses a similar scheme, OFDM, and the Chinese have developed their own transmission scheme the DMB-T/H standard – not to be confused with the T-DMB Korean standard modulation – both radically different COFDM implementations. See also: DVB, ISDB, VSB Website: www.dvb.org www. dmb.cn

Color correction See Grading

Color cube

A representation of color space by a three-dimensional diagram. For example, all definable colors of an RGB color space can be contained in an RGB color cube where R, G and B are axes at right angles to each other (like x, y and z at the corner of a cube). Different color spaces and interpretations of color are defined by different color cubes. If the exact spectral values of R, G and B are defined, that cube defines an absolute color space. Such cubes are available from a number of vendors.

Color Decision List (CDL)

The American Society of Cinematographers’ Color Decision List (ASC-CDL) is a proposed metadata interchange format for color correction, developed to ensure that images appear the same when displayed in different places and on different platforms. This should enable consistency of look from on- set monitoring through post production to the final grade.

Color management

The control of color through a defined process. The idea is that all, or at least some, pictures, monitors or screens should portray the colors as they will appear when shown in their target medium. For example, if working on a DI project, the color management should ensure that the monitors show the colors exactly as an audience in a cinema will see them. Today that may be by use of a release print, in which case the color management has to adjust the monitoring for the film stock to be used. It could also be from a digital cinema distribution master (DCDM) and the color characteristics of that path taken into account as part of the color management.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS