Schematic showing the possible chassis positioning of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks (below left) similar to those developed by DSM (below centre); and the chemical process that generates electricity using hydrogen and oxygen (below right)
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NOVEL MATERIALS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN STORAGE
DSMof the Netherlands has introduced amaterial solution for high-pressure composite tanks for hydrogen storage, a key enabling technology for advancing hydrogen and fuel cell technology in applications that include stationary power, portable power and transport. DSMis working to apply itsmaterials expertise
tomake safe, effective and very lightweight hydrogen tanks. The two-part tank design features a proven,
blowmoulded linermade fromAkulon Fuel Lock, a polyamide 6-based engineering plastic with a very high barrier to hydrocarbons. The tank can then potentially be further reinforced by wrapping it in unidirectional continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic tapes
made of EcoPaXX polyamide 410. This combination of commercially available materials has already proven to be very effective in compressed natural gas tanks, and DSMis now actively testing the concept in hydrogen tanks.
wholesalemove to electric vehicles would add just 10 per cent to
as in a bus garage) could be accessed. Private sales in high tax countries, where the sales tax would be waived for hydrogen vehicles to give price parity.
HERE ALREADY TheUKNational Grid estimates that there could be 9million electric cars on the road by 2030, up fromjust over 100,000 in 2017. The limited driving range (120-460km) causes anxiety. And whilemost commutes are well within the range, such a car is poorly suited to longer distance use. To use electricity instead of fossil fuels to power cars, we are
going to need to generatemore electricity, though less than at first sight: electric vehicles aremuchmore efficient than conventional cars, so they don’t need asmuch power of any kind to work. Recent analysis fromCambridge Econometrics shows that a
overallUK electricity demand. The real issue is the change in peak demand. A recent study fromtheNational Grid showed peak electricity demand could increase by 6-18GWby 2050, depending on a range of factors. Peak demand today is about 60GW. Further developments in batteries will solvemuch of this
problem– higher range and different electrolytes, so that within a few years BEVs will have longer range than conventional vehicles. The result will soon be charging only at source formost people and only at source and destination for others. For those with off- street parking,many electric cars can also be charged at home overnight,meaning that we won’t need quite the same coverage as we have with present day fossil fuel stations.
SMART CHARGING TheNational Grid’s Future Energy Scenarios (FES) included examples which estimated the additional system-wide peak electricity demand fromelectric vehicles (EVs) would range from 6-18GWin 2050. ElectricNation is investigating the benefits which smart
October 2017 /// Environmental Engineering /// 11
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