Feature: Power
Voltage losses are also seen when electricity travels over long
distances. To compensate for this, centralised generation via traditional power stations boosts the voltage before sending it out to the grid. With the introduction of decentralised renewable generation
feeding the grid from various geographical locations, losses in voltage over the distribution network can be far less today than they have been historically. Ultimately, this can lead to high voltages, especially during periods of low energy demand and high renewable generation. Tis increases energy consumption and can have a detrimental effect on the lifespan of the equipment.
Undervoltage and overvoltage Undervoltage and overvoltage in electrical systems both have distinct adverse effects on equipment and energy consumption. Excessive undervoltage (below 216V) is oſten caused by high demand or inadequate power supply and can lead to equipment malfunctions, reduced efficiency, equipment damage and premature failure. On the flip side, overvoltage typically stems from a combination
Although CE regulations specify a range of acceptable voltage levels, excessively high voltages – beyond the rated range of 253V – are not uncommon, causing electrical devices to consume more energy than they need
voltage variations. Unlike traditional centralised power stations, renewables like solar and wind are oſten distributed across a wide geographic area, generating and feeding power into the grid locally. Decentralised generation can affect voltage levels locally,
oſten causing overvoltage in certain areas. Usually this is due to low energy demand and the resulting excess generation from renewable sources. For example, solar and wind power generation is inherently intermittent because it depends on weather conditions. When there is sufficient sunlight or wind, these sources generate electricity, their output varying throughout the day in response to these conditions, regardless of the energy demands we place on the system, causing voltage fluctuations.
of boosting voltage levels to compensate for legacy distribution equipment in the grid and excessive decentralised renewable generation during favourable weather conditions and low energy demand. Although CE regulations specify a range of acceptable voltage levels, excessively high voltages – beyond the rated range, 253V – are not uncommon. Tis can cause electrical devices to consume more energy than they need, generating excess heat, noise and vibration. Tis heat represents wasted energy, resulting in higher energy bills and increased wear and tear on devices.
Costly CE markings As mentioned earlier, CE regulations permit a certain level of voltage variation, but equipment oſten receives voltage outside the specified range. While these regulations dictate compliance with safety standards, they don’t guarantee optimal equipment performance under extreme voltages. For instance, most European countries use 220V-240V under the CE certification, yet most appliances will operate 10% above or below that range. However, exceeding these limits greatly affects equipment efficiency, lifespan and costs. Research states that equipment failure related to power quality issues can cost businesses up to 17% of their annual maintenance budget. Trough voltage optimisation, businesses can mitigate these
risks and even enhance energy efficiency by maintaining voltage within a defined range. For example, if the voltage threatens to drop below the more extreme lower limit of around 216V, the voltage optimiser (VO) reverts to supplying standard grid voltage until conditions improve. A VO not only saves energy, but also enhances equipment longevity, by ensuring optimal levels when grid voltage is too high or too low.
www.electronicsworld.co.uk February 2024 29
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