TECHNOLOGY IN ACTION MINING SAFETY: TRANSPONDERS UNDERGROUND
In 2006, the average fatality in US mines fell to 25 per year. The Miner Act was a step in the right direction and addressed many issues of previous regulations. One of them: the need of knowing the location of personnel in the mine. When disaster hits, rescue teams should have all necessary information available to finish their rescue mission successfully. Unfortunatelly, many mines worldwide use still manual
monitoring of miners underground. Typically, a foreman manages a list of people's names, including the assigned location within the mine. When the position changes, it must be communicated to edit the list of miners' current spots. It’s cumbersome, error-prone and not in real-time. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transponders attached
to miners' clothing transmit location information to readers strategically throughout the mine for tracking purposes. Personnel in above-ground control rooms can then identify the location of any miner belowground. Maybe the most essential task for mining safety is to
register everyone who enters and exits the mine. Readers are mounted at each entry/exit point of the point and must be capable of reading many tags at once at high speed. Big mines transfer their staff each shift with busses to their work stations underground, sometimes 50 people at once. Everyone on board must be registered. WiFi-based miner tracking systems show difficulties to deliver such performance. Zone-based RFID runs on readers positioned in known locations within the entries, and each miner wears an RFID tag. A tag transmits a unique identifier
that has been assigned to that miner. The transponder is read whenever the miner passes within the RF range, and the reader sends an RF signal to which the tag answers. Upon receiving the return signal from the tag, the reader must forward the detection information to a central location, usually the mine operations centre (MOC). The data can be sent in many ways, e.g., over a pair of wires, through fibre-optic cable, via wireless communication, or through an interface to the communications system.
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