NEWS
The future of neurosurgery in the robotic era
How advanced drive systems could revolutionise surgical robots
W
hat if the future of neurosurgery is not just in the hands of surgeons? Soon, surgical robots may hold the power to more precise than ever before. Here, Dave system supplier Electro Mechanical Systems, investigates the role of advanced motor design in developing neurosurgical robots. Surgical robots have already improved procedures such as appendectomies and colectomies in general surgery. Their precision leads to fewer complications, times. However, neurosurgery presents an even greater challenge due to the delicate and complex structures of the brain and spinal cord.
Currently, robotic systems assist in some neurosurgeries, such as stereotactic procedures, which use imaging to position surgical instruments with minimal invasiveness. However, in most neurosurgeries today, surgical robots either play an assistive or non-existent role. So, what advancements would allow them to adopt
Sub-millimetre precision Neurosurgery demands extreme accuracy, as even the slightest deviation could damage surrounding healthy tissue and result in impaired movement, sensory loss surgical robots must be exceptionally precise to be viable in neurosurgery.
These can be used to hold tools steady in position or to perform cutting or suturing actions. The drive system of a robot arm needs to transmit exact, controlled motion to the robot joints, then to the grippers or other end effectors without any overshoot. Additionally, even when the robot arms are static, they need to continuously provide high torque, or holding torque, to retain absolute stability.
technology delivers smooth operation, high-resolution encoders enable sub-millimetre positioning and gears enhance torque output to ensure steady holding force even at a standstill. Advanced
motor design with these integrated technologies will be crucial in developing surgical robots tailored to neurosurgery’s exacting demands.
Sense of touch
Another priority will be enabling reliable is critical for accurate force application. The human capability for tactile sensation allows surgeons to feel subtle changes in tissue resistance, helping them distinguish between healthy and abnormal tissue.
However, many current robotic systems gauge the pressure and sensitivity needed robots?
The drive system plays a core role in difference. With responsive control, smooth cogging-free motors enable realistic pressure to apply.
Rapid adaptability
While current robotic systems primarily serve as highly controlled tools under a surgeon’s command, future systems could incorporate tissue, managing sutures or stabilising position in real time.
in AI suggest it could be a reality for the neurosurgeons of tomorrow.
FEBRUARY 2025 | ELECTRONICS FOR ENGINEERS 13
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