Test & measurement 2. Spectrum analysis with zone trigger for EMI measurements


Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be detected very quickly and easily using spectrum analysis (Figure 4). Users can perform up to eight spectrum analyses in parallel with individual selection of the center frequency, frequency range, and resolution bandwidth. For each analysis, the analysed section of the measured waveform can be restricted in the time domain with gated FFT. In addition, zones can be defined in both the time and frequency domains


using the zone trigger function. Zones activate a trigger when a signal either intersects or does not intersect the zone. This enables precise identification of spurious signals. The user can also correlate events detected by the instrument with the time domain signal to simplify searching for the cause.


Figure 5 The lab oscilloscope can be used to analyse many common serial bus signals, as well as Automotive Ethernet signals such as 1000BASE-T1.


7. Compliance measurements for high-speed data interfaces


The oscilloscope can also be used for automated compliance testing of various data interfaces with dedicated software options. The associated ScopeSuite compliance test software runs either on the oscilloscope or on a separate PC. It controls the measurement settings and test sequences on the oscilloscope and guides the user through the test sequences. Detailed instructions make it easy to correctly connect the oscilloscope and probes to the test fixture and DUT. Rohde & Schwarz offers standard-compliant test fixtures for a variety of


Figure 4 EMI debugging on four channels with two domains; it is often helpful to be able to compare the time-domain and spectral-domain behaviour of a device under test (DUT). Source: Rohde & Schwarz


3. Tracking power signal details


A separate software option with automatic measurement routines is available for characterising power electronics. This software supports the analysis of turn on/off behaviour, internal transfer function, safe operating area (SOA), output signal quality, and switching losses. It allows users to test power transistors in line with common international test standards.


4. Accurate power integrity measurements on embedded designs


Power integrity measurements enable developers to determine, for example, whether fast clock and data edges are coupled into sometimes quite low supply voltage of a highly sensitive component. For this, the supply noise and ripple must be measured with high precision. These measurements are possible with an RTO6 oscilloscope. Users can employ special, extremely low-noise ZPR power rail probes with 1:1 attenuation factor and a large offset compensation range. With these probes, the oscilloscope can reliably track down deviations and display them with high resolution.


5. Fault localisation in signal paths


The oscilloscope can be equipped with a differential pulse source. This option enables users to locate faults in signal paths such as PCB traces, cables or connectors using time domain reflectometry (TDR) and time domain transmissometry (TDT).


6. Capturing and analysing bus signals with a large acquisition memory


Protocol analysis options can be used for testing the correct transmission of bus signals. These options are available for many serial buses, including DDR3/4, USB and SPI/CAN/LIN. Analysis software is even available for Automotive Ethernet transmissions (Figure 5). The large high-speed acquisition memory - with a standard capacity of 200 Mpoints per channel, expandable to as much as 2 Gpoints - allows long signal sequences to be used for analysis.


Instrumentation Monthly May 2022


transmission interfaces. The ScopeSuite software also includes a report tool with an extensive range of functions for the documentation of measurement results.


8. Detailed jitter analysis


The higher the data rate, the greater the impact of jitter on signal transmission. With its very precise clock signals, the integrated OCXO enables accurate jitter measurements, which the instrument can visualise in various forms such as eye diagrams and histograms. The jitter analysis software also analyses the individual jitter components using a unique decomposition algorithm, giving the user quick feedback on signal quality and any error sources.


9. I/Q interface for analysis of broadband RF signals


The oscilloscope also has an option for real-time conversion of modulated RF signals into digital I/Q signals. For further processing of the I/Q data, the user needs either the VSE vector signal explorer software from Rohde & Schwarz or another tool such as MATLAB. In combination with a harmonic mixer, the oscilloscope with a maximum measurement bandwidth of 6 GHz can even perform detailed analysis of broadband transmission signals such as OFDM, radar, and 5G MIMO. The FS-Zxx harmonic mixer brings the RF carrier frequency in the range


of 50 GHz to 110 GHz down to the measurement range of the oscilloscope. Here, the VSE software offers a wide range of analysis tools for a variety of pulsed and analogue modulated signals as well as I/Q signals, including multiple WLAN and mobile communications standards.


Technical characTerisTics opTimised


Like its predecessors, the R&S RTO6 oscilloscope series - now in the third generation - has been optimised for maximum user convenience. Now that technical characteristics such as low-noise frontends and A/D converters have largely been optimised, users primarily receive added value in the form of application-specific software functions and a well-conceived graphical user interface. A key factor for all-day stress-free use in the lab is quiet operation. The barely audible oscilloscope fulfils all expectations in this regard.


Rohde & Schwarz www.rohde-schwarz.com 61


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