• • • SMART BUILDINGS & IOT • • •
The crucial link between IoT
and Smart Buildings Technology has made great strides in recent years, hugely impacting how we interact with the spaces around us
his is highlighted by our increasing use of smart technologies in our homes and workspaces to enhance and reshape the way we live, learn and work. The ever growing concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), a network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data seamlessly, is leading this evolution. In fact, when IoT works cohesively with smarter HVAC systems, buildings are more energy efficient, intelligent and cost effective for owners and occupants. With smart buildings utilising advancing technology to enable efficient and economical use of resources, all while improving the health, wellbeing and productivity of occupants, the global smart building market is projected to grow significantly in the coming years. Indeed, it is expected to reach $328.62 billion by 2029, a rise of $240 billion from its valuation of $80.62 billion in February 2023.
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Designed to maximise the efficiency of a building, meaning lower energy consumption and the resultant lower operating costs, smart buildings take advantage of a number of technological advancements, such as IoT sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Building Management Systems (BMS).
This reduction in energy usage also plays a major role in enhancing a building’s sustainability through minimising carbon emissions. This
decarbonisation is especially important given the UK government’s target of net zero by 2050 is getting ever-closer.
Countries across the globe are introducing minimum energy standards and smart buildings have, in recent years, become the reliable choice to ensure buildings are futureproofed and ready to meet the necessary regulations. Alongside reducing carbon emissions for sustainability- focused developers and building owners, smart buildings are also a beneficial choice for occupants, with smarter heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems improving ventilation, lighting and indoor air quality. This significantly enhances the occupant’s health, wellbeing and productivity.
The vital link between IoT and HVAC
Building management has taken major steps forward in recent years, thanks to the integration of IoT technology into HVAC systems. Typically, HVAC systems have operated on predetermined schedules or manual adjustments, which can often lead to inefficiencies and wasted energy. Conversely, with IoT-enabled sensors and controllers, HVAC systems are now able to adapt in real-time to changing conditions, minimising energy consumption while optimising comfort levels.
26 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING • DECEMBER/JANUARY 2025
In fact, the integration of smart devices in residential and commercial buildings can improve the experience for occupants through the adjustment of ventilation, temperature and lighting. For instance, IoT can introduce various smart devices to a building, such as thermostats, automated shades, voice-controlled assistants and occupancy sensors, to empower occupants and improve their health, wellbeing and productivity. Furthermore, IoT-powered lighting systems will adjust illumination automatically, based on a variety of factors, such as occupancy, time of day or the weather. As a result, occupants will be able to improve their lighting for ambiance and comfort to enhance their overall experience. The enhanced data analytics offered by IoT in
HVAC is supremely useful for building managers and property owners. By collecting and analysing up-to-date data from various sensors, such as humidity, occupancy and temperature, users are able to gain valuable insights into environmental conditions and usage patterns. This easy-to-access and extensive information enables proactive fault detection, optimisation of system performance and predictive maintenance, with the end result being improved operational efficiency and cost savings. However, it’s important to understand that the evolution of smart buildings is more than just simple automation. Constantly evolving regulations and occupant demands require the creation of
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