knowledge- of the language at i- oim especially shows the liv<e
wuea 1 spoke. 1 felt ^ I vigorous personalities in
■ manes are unequal but very go^'l Brown is good all
m Amhiiictie, AiaerVulty a l^ - ’
. .u .d l . ;o r r e s th iA lg e b I ‘^ \ « work IS generally accurate
u.iges, lx>di are of course eleiunn acAuliy IS remarkably good'h' a nearly coinplete lueiiiory for
1 gaainniar and a real proinL ° n 111 1-rench (ui Latin
^diory U .e ib a rd lo L n ° '^ ‘| U Lolthouse are also very eleinenrary Latin rhat w« ^
ause and Ba-xter and Lreiirh •’ ri.o .n -« «.
, aie le.y luent ni repeatingT :hai actually come in the ^
1 read) ni combining the saj^ Iresh Sentences. Verh-inr^^
eel eonimand of viva voce Lren^h responsible.
sh subjects the Scripture is good n outlines, but it rather faiLfo
point ot a (juestion and in te- liie conte.xt ol passages. Loft
unicil)' gotxl. The History and •n-e good and very lively •orrest ' imd Lofthouse and BroM U and -VlacNulty are de-
>d in graniinar) the rest are very ei) lew
e.yeepdons. The paper ie (Lamb s dales from Shakes eiierall)' good; \\’’allbank is re- I'.'pectally ^ tor Itlie number ofl e can put into a short compass. Ills ioriu shtiws a very good all-
lit), and I should judge that las a sjui.-ial gift for languages.
Tuni, l.olihouse and Wallbank od all round. T orm wrote the same papers as
rm except that they did not take l.iierauire.
In view of that .Mathematics were very good
-he .Vritlniietic of Aliilbum and 1 llie -Algebra ol Whiteside and r, and the Geometry of White- inliffe.
In Trench they could greai iian <)f_ the paper; Fair-
I < nnlille did a small part of it ball ilie Torm abso remembered cs (il the IxKik very well viva die other half, as with the IV. inexperience of Trench conver-
I T coiivided with theirs. • for' ag.iiii. they were .scarcely used^. di'-rs, but .A.spdon and Cunliffc4' d"'i« '-ery well. In Eng-I
lar Wliitcside was very good antf lirrimisi' in tlie snbject. Cun-'
<|idcii also have some good know- n Gi-ography they generally
ii'c vuci i|ucstioiis very well, ■ ci'iiatlon ol poetry was full of
md I . Torms did papers only in I bey could .all do something,
and Robinson could get a fair sums right.
In 7.’m i voce they
icciirii [Mvtr_\ very well, and cd snnpb-
iiue.stioius on it. Rob- isson, Gumming .and Wharton luestions on Scripture very well, id ('ox were .aide to do a little m in I' tench.
’Thg reading of was ili^iinct and intelligent an3
1 answer r|iiestions on the pas- icral^ im|
ire.ssion that the school
■ .111 impn-ssioii of liveliness, both md in the llesh. Even when the wrong about .anything they arc
.bics.
il^ it. anr] tnal is Lie most promi.s- iiolh for learning .and for life, ay of knowledge the chief subject f
wi.sh that they could
cx.imined by a mathematical ex- id of a
miseell.a.neou.s humanist. ■ r subjects the Languages are not : but in French especially there to go on upon ; in particular
who ran do papers at all have e.ifliness af free
compo.sition; it j to make it grammatical as well he
F.nglisli subjects shew great
se. and
h.ere and there a genuine ■ cr. T should like to suggest' 1 sehool library of books for ing in
the.se subjects would be
fit lo many of the hoys. T. C. .SNOAV,
■ l•■ e||ow of St. John’.s College, Oxford.
i MAN IN TROUBLE.
gham, plumber. King Street, leared before Mr. J. W. Car- Glitheroc Count)' Police Court on a charge of stealing three [lerty of .some person or persons
ley stated that at 12-15 that ivas on duty near to Whalley in company with P.C. Rush-
;
.s.aw prisoner look over the
w.all. Witness immediately, "’.all and saw
pri.soner running iirchyard. As he was running ped something bulky. Witness caught prisoner and took him police station.
In compnny
tshton ivitness then went back
hy.ard and found three dead rm, tied up in an apron and,
10
s.aw prisoner running awa^ aens to the police .station and loner with stealing them ed “ Thev are not mine.” ., ilieth P.a'rker, 26, Broughton n.
s.aid she 'vas at present^ isoner .and she
la.st .saw the
:ed). which was her prop®^/:
'-rfo
v.ard ,at .about six o*cloc^ , 'ght-
^ ' ho was
repre.sented ^ e
■ ttom, solicitor, was remandw bail being allowed.
HALF-TIME.
c o m m i t t e e A D V O C A T E A B O L I T I O N .
CHIBUREN’S ACCIDENTS IN FACTORIES.
The c' ils of the half-time system are con-
(IcnmeJ in the report just issued of tlie Inter-Departmental Committee on partial
e.veinptiou from school attendance. it way be stated tliat at the age of 12 a
child way claim partial exemption for ,vork at the urill or factory, and also tliat at that age he can obtain total exemption in ceitain cases. The Committee recom mend the following clianges in the law: That all partial exemption be abolished from a date not earlier than January ist
1911. That at the same time total exemption
under the age of 13 be abolished. That total e.xeraption at the age of 13
be granted only for purposes of beneficial or necessary employment, and that it be granted on condition of attendance at a continuation class or the passing of a Standard not lower than Standard VI. There arc many reasons given by the
Committee for the abolition of half-tmie. Some are mental and moral. The atten tion of the children is divided between the mill and school. They come to school tired or sleepy. Arrangenients have to be made for teaching in the same class children ivho attend the whole week and children who are only attending half. Moreover, the half-timers are drawn from the older children and it is therefore the_ higher standards which are most disorganised. The report continues; “ We have certain
ly a considerable consensus of evidence that a
coar.sening of the children does in many cases set in. This is more especially the case in the large towns, where both boys and girls, when once they get the sense of (ra>dom which the earning of a wage gives them, are apt to get out of the parental influence, and go about in the streets late at iiiglit. to attend the music halls, and generally to adopt at once the habits of young persons several years their senior, whom they think it fine to imitate. “ The vasult is that the teachers complain that many of the children become addicted
Tto bad language and roughness of manners, to the general detriment of the schools, and in some cases— the toys especially— become less amenable to discipline.”
^ .Agricultural Exemptions. With regard to the partial exemption in
rural districts— that is, exemption for part ot the year for agricultural work— 'ihe Com mittee say that it is the experience of teachers that the agricultural partial exemp tion scholar, while engaged in faion work, picks up bad habits and objectionable lan guage, and on his return to school in the autumn is impatient of restraint and exer cises a very bad influence on the other children. “ One of our witnesses said that he had
been told by two teachers that they had to give their biggest half-tuners a thrashing regularly each October ’ ’■— that is on their return to classes after the summer absence. Half-tiinmg is condemned, too, on phpi-
cal grounds. “ Factory work in the morning necessitates much earlier rising than school life, most mills starting work at six, where as school starts at nine o’clock. The teachers And that many children who have been in the mill during the morning, 'vhen tliey attend scliool in the afternoon, are fre quently so tired that it is useless to try and get them to e.xert themselves, and that some-, times they are left to sleep at their desks.” Discussing the industrial value of partial
exemption, the Committee give two typical cases of the e.xempted toy in an agricultural district. In one of tliese the employments he was found engaged in 'vere: Juno 15—Weeding carrots. July 4— Doing nothing. July 13— Pulling peas. ■ August 31 -On an errand. September 28- - Gardening. October 17 —Picking potatoes. “ Partial exemption,” they say, “ is little
valued by the agricultural community.” in textile districts there is more difference
of opinion, but the Committee believe that the disadvantages of half-time far outweigh its blessings. They endeavour to airive at an estimate
of the additional cost to the Exchequer if partial exemption were abolished. In 1906-7 the .average numl'er of partial exemption scholars wasatout’47,590, and on this
ba.sis the total increased cost to the revenue would 1
» pfj22,54o per annum. This takes no
count, of course, of additional e.xpense to local authorities. Referring to the supposedly small rate of
accidents to children in milLs— in 1907 it was 51 jier 10,000— the Committee point out that the hours worked by the children are only about half those worked by adults, ■S
double that for adults. “ Variety of Views.”
•Much space is devoted in the paper to the
‘ variety of views ” expressed by employers, managers, ;ind overlookers in the textile trades. •A few regard the early entry to the mill
as essential, deplore even the past changes which have raised the half-time limit to twelve, and maintain that the mill hands of to-day are in consequence less skilled than they were. Many others hold .a more moderate opinion that it is of decided advantage to get the children eariv'into the "dlls, that they learn to understand the pro cesses, and that they acquire a quickness 'vith tlicir fingers which is not to to obtained if they start later. Many otlicrs. on the other hand, declare
drat the full-timer who eommences at 13 or 24 niake.s just as good .a worker, .after a few
months, as the half-timer who started a year or two earlier.
The Committee find that there is no de
sire to go back to half-time where it has once Ireen abandoned. The full-timer is always preferred, and there is, moreover, notlring to denote that the mills where there are not half-timers are any less prosperous than those where they are still employed. Many cases were found where the manage
ment was willing, even anxious, to dispense with half-timers, but did not care to run counter to the custom of the district, and incur unpopularity with some parents and operatives. It appears to us, add the Committee, that
the feeling .as to the value of half-time as a means of training is on the decline.
The Lancashire View. In the case of Lancashire it was fomid
that employers hi general are ceasing to regard the retention of lialf-time as of great importance hi cotton sphinuig and manu facturing, and many frankly condemned the system. Providuig the change was gradual and full-time labour could be obtained at 13, they (the employers) did not expect that much opposition would be raised. The reeling hi favour of lialf-tinie mnong
employers and managers is stronger in the worsted spimiing districts of Yorkshire than in i.iuicashire, and tlie Comniittee report tiiat the “early training ” argunient is held strongly, especially by some which repre sented the views of the Bradford and Hali fax Chambers of Coiimierce. The Committee’s attention was called to
cetaiii facts in comiection with the distribu tion of labour in the Bradford mills. It does not appear to be the case that all tlie half- timers continue in the worsted industry at all. If we put aside for the moment child
l.atour under 15, the trade is carried on mainly by women. It is true that in some of the subordinate processes male preponder ate. In the combing department they are as three to two, but even there the Committee were told by representatives of both employ ers and workmen that the wages were low and did not afford a satisfactory means of livelihood for skilled men. In the spring the work is mainly done by young women in the proportion of nearly four women to one man. In the weaving department the disproportion among adult workers and young persons is even greater, female labour preponderating over male Ify four or five to one.
in spite of this fact there are nea,rly as many toys as girls who enter the mills
as half-timers. TTie half-timers enter almost entirely in
the spimiing department. There is no room in the spinning department for a large part of them as they advance in age, but most of the girls are able to obtain work, if they wish, in weaving. The position of the boys is much worse.
There is adult employment for boys of special mark who m.ay be likely to rise_ to be overlookers. There is the combing process with its low scale of wages, and there is some employment in spinning and weaving, but the majority of the toys do not get permanent employment in the trade .at all. Doffing or piecing is no .apprentice ship to them, because they do not continue in the trade. Between 15 and 18 years of age the greater part of the toys le.ave the trade, having lost .on important part of their
schooling, having acquired some preliminary knowledge of a trade which cannot find them employment, and are cast upon the labour market to tr)’ and find employment in a district ivhich is peculiarly deficient in well-paid male
occup.ations. rVs far as the boys are concerned the sys
tem seems much the same in Bradford. Over 40 per cent, of the toys ivho had been half- timers, and subsequently remained in the mills as full-timers, drift into the unskilled latour market, and 14 per cent, of the boys who have been half-timers, but did not sub sequently continue as mill hands, do the same. On the other h.and, only three per cent, of the boys who did not ivork ns half- timers drift into the unskilled l.aboiir mar ket.
.A Matter of Custom. Half-time, it is reported, appears to de
pend more upon custom than any clearly provable necessity. Atout 1880 the School Board began to take steps to discourage the •sistem ill Huddcrsfickl by dissuading the parents or refusing certificates if tlie cir cumstances of the family were not such as really required the additional wage, The number fell steadily from 1,762 in 1879 to 94 in 1901,-and to-day there are no
h.alf- timers in Huddersfield at all. .Among a section of the working class tlic
system finds very strong support. The parents earned the money as half-timers for their parents. They think it natural that their children should do the .same for them. The Committee decline to accept the view
O that the rate for children is still nearly
that the system acts as .a relief to poverty. They find that though there are cases where it may save a family from serious distress ar application for poor relief, such cases are not very numerous .and are certainly not the main
re.a.son for its continuance. Besides this, the Committee declare
th.at they h.ave lieen supplied with returns which show con clusively that the great majority of half- timers come from families that .are earning good wages.
The Committee add that there seems to
he no doulit that a large numlier of the working classes in Lancashire are not yet prejiarcfl voluntarily to accept any raising of the age and are
aver.se from any legisla tive enactment. It is thought possible that the same feeling exists to .some extent in the worsted districts of Yorkshire.
Eiffel Tower Lemonade
Eiffel Tower Lemonade is the most delicionsi cool, refreshing drink obtainable— so health- £nl, so convenieiit, so cheap. A 4id. bo^tlQ makes 2 gallons of delicious Len^onade.
(fekE GLlrflE:feoE irStEis. e b iDa t , August iflo9. CLITHEEOE RURAL
DISTRICT COUNCIL. The monthly meeting of the Clitheroe
Rural District Council was held in the Town Hall on Saturday. The Rev. Fr. Pinnington presided, and the other members present were Messrs. G. Turner, T. Robin son, J. R. Thompson and W. Hanson.
TENDERS FOR SCAVENGING. On the proposition of Mr. Hanson,
seconded by Mr. Turner, it was decided to accept the tender of Mr. Richard Rhodes for the scavenging of Chipping for the next three years at a cost of ;^4o per year. The Surveyor said Mr. Rhodes had done
his work well in the past and he was quite .satisfied with him. The Clerk (Mr. Thos. Eastham) said he
had also advertised for tenders for the j scavenging of Wis'vell but there had been no response. It was decided to leave the matter in the
hands of the Surveyor. PLANS.
Plans were passed for the erection of four
houses in Chatburn for the Chatbum Manu facturing Co., and for alterations to four existing houses. .MEDICAL , OFFICER’S REPORT.
The quarterly report of Dr. Macklin (Medical Officer) was in the followmg
terms: Though the weather during the quarter
all children from school who belonged to families where there were I'ases of scarlet fever, and in one or two instances ivhere it was feared it might he incubating. This measure was appareiitl) quite succesfnl. as no cases occurred beyond the limits of the village, and there, too, it was confined to a very small area. During the quarter I have been making special visits to some of the public elementar)’ schools, and with out specifying any one school in particular, I may say that the one defect which struck mo most was the want of any convenience for cleansing the hands and face, soap and towels being eon-splcuous by their absence. This feature was practiailly common to all though not univers<al.
It is somewhat!
difficult for teachers to inculcate the virtue of cleanliness in theory alone in the absence of any proper means for its practical appli cation.
OUR BIRMINGHAM CONFERENCE.
(By a Correspondent). Reehabitisiii has now seen many Coufer-
ended June 30th has been very far from being genial and very unlike the weatlier e.\pected during Spring and early Summer, , still the amount of sickness has not been ^ very great, and to judge from the mortalit) , figures for the quarter has even been very much below the average for the season of j the year. The vital statistics are, by coni- , parison with the previous and first quarter of the year quite pleasant reading. In the matter of births there has been a distinct . and gratifying increase, and the sarne re mark applies to the marked decrease in the matter of deaths. There 'vere 39 births registered during the quarter, and this is equal to a birthrate of 26.49 per 1,000, which compares very favourably with the rate for the first qua'rter of the year, when it ivas 21.83 per 1,000 only. Then the number of deaths registererl during the quarter was 17 only, which gives the
gr.ati- fying low death rate of 11.5^ P®/ 1,000, and this is very nearly
h.alf what it was in the previous quarter of the year, viz., 21.83 ])er 1,000. Perhaps it will be rcmemberefl that in the first quarter of the year the birth-rate and death-rate exactly balanced each other, so that there was no natural increase of population.
In the quarter
under review, however, the births exceed the
de.athsby 22, the number of births hav ing been 39 and deaths 17, thus the natural increase is quite marked and very satisfactory.
In the matter of the .sexes
we find that of the 39 births 20 were males and 19 females, ivhifc in the matter of deaths there-were 11 males to 6 females. Then there is another very satisfactory featnie in the vital statistics for the second quarter of the year, and that is the ven^ low inffmtile mortality figure. There was one death only .amongst infants under one year of age, which gi'-es the pre-eminently low death- rate of 25.80 per 1.000 of births. In the first quarter of the year the ligine ".is 9T 7S 1,000 of births and even that was quite satisfaetorilv low from a conqiaiative point of view. ’ Rather more than one- third of the deaths were amongst .aged peo ple. the greatest age registered being 85. Chipping.— When we examine the figures
of the several divisions of the district separately it is found that by far the lieavi- est
mort.ality occurred in Chipping, tomg nearly three times as high as citlier 'f-j'ta- eroe or Whalley.
'I'he number of births
registered in Chipping Division was 16 and the birth-rate was thus 24,13 P^^" Gooo. The luimlier of deaths registered was 12 and the
de.ath-rate was
con.seqiiently 18.10 per 1,000, the natural increase lieing lour only. The one infantile death lor the whole district occurred in this division, eoiisequeiitly the infantile mortality ligtne for the division is 62.80 which is, from a comparative point of view, quite low. Clitheroe.— Jn this division there was a
total ot .seven birtlis, yielding a Irirth-rate of 23.43 per 1,000, which is very much the same as Chippmg. The total number of ileaths registered during the quarter w,,:i two, which is equal to .a death-rate of 6.71 per 1,000. The natural increase is thus five, which is distinctly higli for the divi- | sioii. One feature of interest in regard to this division is the fact tliat for two months | in succession, April and May, not a single ; death occurred, tlie two deaths registered .
both occurring in the montli of June. _ | tVhalley.— The number of births regis
tered during tlie quarter was 16, ;nid this is equal to a birth-rate of 32.08 per 1,000, which imist he considered extremely^ .satis factory.. 'I’hc number of deaths registered ill this division w:us three, and consequently , the deatli-rate is the 'highly .satisfactory one of 6.01 per 1,000. The natural increase is therefore 10, wliich compares very favour ably ivitli either of the other divisions. There was no death from any Zymotic
group of
disea.ses, but, there was one
de.ath from puerperal .septcaemia ivliich occurred in Whallcy. Phthisis claimed two victims, both deaths occurring in Chipping, in addi- | tion to which there was one. death from , tubercular peritonitis whieh also occiirretl . in the Chipping division. Though there | has been no excessive amount of sickness on the whole, yet there appears to have been an unusual proportion of pneumonia amongst such cases as did occur; probably the .someivhat dull, cheerless-and_ rather cold 'veather was re.sponsible for this. The
w.aiit of sunshine has been very much felt, ,cspeciallv bv the aged. There was <
a small
epidemic of scarlet fever at AViswell during the quarter, but it was limited to a few- families only. There ivas no necessity to close the school. The action taken to check the spread of infection was to exclude
enees, and it is a fact that at eaeli of these gatherings it has received an onward im petus. Our Order is peculiarly distinctive from all oUier friendly societies. We have, hi addition to the mission of insurance, and benefits— which is properly its material or industrial side— another ' great idea, which may be called the spiritual side of our move ment, and it is our duty once more to vhidicate this idea, to show whither it points, and what it accomplishes. The “ Fledge,” which is sneered at by some of our opponents, has certainly given us mi- interrupted and continuous progress, as will be seen from the following figures :•—• "Vear. Adult Jl’bs. Juvoiiiles
£ s. d.
1898 153,018 87,430 1,012,'591 0 0 1890 100,842 93,900 1,082,024 10 8 1900 108,293 100,890 1,130,038 17 2J 1901 177.051 100,988 1,227,110 0 IJ 1902 180,831 117,239 1,315,027 4 1 1903 195,854 130,215 1,424,853 11 2 1904 204,514 141,041 1,520,075 2 4 1905 213,800 154,445 1,010,240 5 0 1900 224,301 108,240 1,742,030 5 4 1907 234,255 179,829 1,913,72'i. 19 2_, 1908 241,790 188,943 2,000,157 3 lljj
We thus show solid years of growth, and
this growth proves that our appeal, with its central principle, has become more clear to our fellowmen, and more comnnmding. The victory of the Licensing' Bill in the Com mons establishes, this fact. Sobriety is the first step in the conquest of poverty. Poverty we believe, really has no necessary place in life. It is a disease that results from the woakiiess, sin, and .selfishness of un- (levelopcil humanity. Nature is lx)nndless in her generosity; the world produces suffi cient lo give food, clothing, and comfort to every inijividnal. Undoubtedly poverh mainly arises through intemperance, shift- Icssiiess, idleness, improvidence, and hick of purpose of the individual
him.self. If flic causes do nut exist in tlie individual, they may l>e found in tire wrong doing of
tho.se around liim, in the oppression of laliour by eai>ital, in file grinding process by which corporations .seek to crush the in dividual. The individual m;iy be the vic tim (.'t any of a thonsanil phases of llic wrongs of other:. The poverty caused by the weakness and injustice of lumian laws anil human institutions, is certainly ]jre- \enlihle; hut to reach the
can.se requires lime and nnilcd heroic effort of all individn- al.s. Tlie world is learning the great truth that the best way lo prevent evil is to study the .soclologicjil l•<rndilions in which it flour- islu":. lo seek to give each man a totter chance ot living -his real life liy removing, inspiring him to fight life's liattle bravely if Jiossilile, the elements that make wrong easy, and to him, almost necessary, and by with all the hel]) others can give him. The world needs Rech.-diitism, which is dedi cated to making the world brighter, sweeter and lietlcr, and, liy the conquest of evil habit;, to-get a I'nllcr m:i ni testa i ion of the glory of the
pos.sihilitie.sof inilividnal living, and thus comes Hearer and nearer to the realisation, of tile
Chri.stiaii ideal. The increase of
member.ship during the
Biennial [rerioil, after deducting all losses by deaths, lairses, and otherwise, has been ,'?7i*
585, ol which 17.588 were adult tonefit
mcnilier';. and 20.097 "cre juvenile benefit members, the total
memtor.ship being as under:—
.Adn.lt benefit memtor.s ....... 241,796 Juvenile benefit members....... 188,943 Member.s’ children
In.sured ... 35,000 -Members’ wi\’es and widows insured ............
17,937
Honorary memtors ................ 10,914 Total membership ........... 494,590
So that practically we have now in round
lignrp half a million
of.per.sons
intere.stcd :nid insured in the Orricr. Tlie funds now amount to over two millions of pounds. The matter of now lir:inches is ;
iI.so very satisfaetoi V.
Four new Districts— Essex,
(J;iml)ridgeshire, Petertorongh, and West Herts have been established, and no less than 502 new tents, of which 214 adult and 288 juvenile were opened in the United Kingdom, and 65 adult and 51 juvenile in the Colonies and .abroad. It is rather .singular that while nearly all
other friendly .societies h:ive shown de- crixises, we li:ive gone on ste:idilv increasing and opening new tents. Some of onr com petitors hai’e even become defunct. The “ One and A ll,” which promised .so much for so little,' is in the bankruptcy court. There is no mystery about our success. It is due, in the first place, to our solidity-and integrity as an Order. It is unfortunately true that many poor men, after having con tributed to an organisation for 30 or 40 yc;irs. liltimataly find, when thev are on the rocks, that th e .s ic k pay ” has been re duced to a fraction, and, in .some instances, nothing at all is obtainable. In the second place, we make our Order known by misslonarv work and proper effort. We
have at heart the spread of teetotal prin- work on the same lines, and ;U1 exceptional ciples, and the exact fulfilment of the moral | General Rules should to deleted, law in every walk of life. We are thus ‘ ' The Guarantee and Compensation Fund closely allied to practical religion, gnd can scheme is one that sliould appeal to every make a more complete and striking appeal member. If females only paid half levies, to our fellows th.an those Orders who merely 've should have to pay full compensation on .address one section, or faculty, of the mind, ‘ tliem; the law will not adopt half rates on and who, besides, are encumbered ivith “wet ” rents” through meeting in liquor shops, etc. The report of the Directors is perhaps
1 this subject.
-All Tint and District mitta's should liie
c apart ji
the ablest that has yet been produced; it covers a wide field, and a lengthy portion is taken up with reference to Canada, and in regard to the juveniles. The Licensing Bill of
la.st .session is .ably reviewed, ami strong comments very properly made on the .action of the Lords. It is mentioned that the number of members insuring under the Order Central Insurance .and Endowment Funds continues to
increa.se, the number now on the register being 355. “ Tlie New Friendly Society’s Amendment Act, which came into operation on January ist, 1909, allows the total amount insured to be in creased from ;^2oo to ;i(j3oo, but our gener al rules require to be amended in that re spect if we wish to take advantage of this increased maximum.” In the report there is also this important
paragrapli: The aggregate valuation shows a .surplus of ;^33.47i, and a relative degree of solvency of 20s. i 2-3d. in the There is an .allusion to the “Rech.ablte
Magazine,” which we must not pass over. “ It is not to our credit as an Order that it still
rein.ains true, that many Tents, in cluding some whose membership goes well into hundreds, iiei'cr receive a single copy, and there are ei'cn District Executives of whieh the officers and members never see its pages.
-■ Arbitration Com from
the Tent Committees anil
Di.strict Executives, .and we
think propositions 38 and 39 are on right lines. Dundee wisli to disijualify District officers
Irom voting at District mei^tings : it is verv qncstionahle if this will to agreed to. .Froposition 48 is necessary ; and propo
sition 51 is on right lines, .as it is not now required, Imt wlieii this is gone it will be necessary to divide the juveniles into three classes, .say under 5, 5 to 10. and 10 to 15, and arrange the benefits accordingly. Why shoukl Bristol
wi.sh to cumber the
Rules witli No. 52. when they have the right to do so now ?
file Endowment Table (Fro])osition 53),
if allowed for :idult.s :is well as juveniles, might be of .some utility, but the juveniles will not, in onr opinion, take it up. We think the Board are making a great
mistake in trying lo delete tire Quarterly I allies of Contributions for Benefits. AVliat
does proposition 58 mean? ts this anti- consolidation? If not, what is the in tention ? \\ hy should Xortliamptoii
wi.sh force :U1 other districts to .amend, as per proposition 60? Tliey can do that for themsoh'fs, anil shoukl not try to compel others. We prefer tlie universal adoption ol immedi:ite benefits as soon as throe months' coutihutions li;ive to'en paid, in
While we have full faith generally m the | pi’
e.rerema; to No. 74. In No. 81, Bristol perfection of our brethren, we must admit j i-'' narrowing the suliject^too mncli.
'J'lio
so .serious. The “ disloyal ’ have been I '' 'd there will In- 110 more we:ik Tents :qjpealed to over and Over again, and we , financially to deal with. This would pul
that there are some who apparently fall mteiuion of tire Rule when p;issed was to short of this belief of ours. 2Vnd the ques tion to to discussed is, how can these brethren bo persuaded to enter our ranks in reality, and take their “ Higher Degree.” This lack of loyalty to tlie published “ Word ” would be hmnorous were it not
think Conference will ultimately liave no :d'.ernatlve but to appoint them “gmirdians” wlio will hcive personally to exhort them to the performance of duty. One e;ui scarcely imagine an earnest Rechabite neg- leuting his journal, in which the entire interest and welfare ot the Order are dis cussed. Unless the error arises through c:
irelessne.ss or w:int of thoughi, the inler- cnce is inevitable that such conduct savours of selfishness. The “
Dige.st” for H.M.C. contains
some new proposals and a number of harily ones—survivals since our last gathering. In fact, the programme is rich in proposi-
I lions, but we cannot s;iy rich in iiualily. However, if it is proved that they lack pi:ictii;al
wi.sdoni. Conference will speedily decide their fate. .Although we all admire Manchester, it is not likely that delegates will vote tor H.M.C.’s always to be held there. It would not to- true' economy. We h:ive always moi'cil the Conference, and 1 have thus :ideqn;itel)'
adveiti.seil onr work
;nid pni'iiose. In regard to proposition 1, tlie Board wish to t:ike full :idvantage of the newly-
■ ameinled Frieniily Societies 2Vct, as this is ' in the interest of our juvenile section. There ' is ;i proposal to iliviile the Order into 15 j elec:tor;d divisions for the purpose of nomin- I ating the' Bo:ird of Directors. We don’t quite perceive the logic for the 15, but doubtless eloquent tongues will enlighten ns at the Conference. If onr friends would turn up the “Magazine” for October, 1907, they might find some light on tlie subject. Sturdy Lincolnshire has some v iews regard ing election for the Directorate. These brethren believe
th.at those who have been 10 ye;irs on the Board should at least b e *
eight years in retirement for meditation and improvement before they seek re-election again. The limit now is four years. Lin colnshire also thinks Uiat iio Fast High Chief Ruler should again to eligible. The object of this is no doubt the worthy one of giving :i larger number ;i chance to serve, but the fewer rules on these points the bet ter.
ranks, even if he has been in the chair be-, fore, let us give him the “ call.”
If there is a real prophet in our A
Fresident is elected for his ability and the work he is qualified to do. Not all who a.spire to this office are fitted for it. It requires what is called ;i magnetic person alty.
Dnrlnim and Glasgow wish for increased
\oting power, and this is a matter which will receive the careful consideration of Conference. Froposition 21 is a very necessary one,
:uid so is 22. AVe favour No. 23 from Bol ton, Init do not see why the funds handed over should be earmarked for any
purpo.se. Dundee is
de.sirons of nnaking efoirance
v:due compulsory; no settlement will ever he arrived at until this .step is taken. The t;d)les from the Board are only for los. per week and ;,(jio at death.
.All other
sliares will h:ive lo to calculated. Take the ease of a memter who joins ;it 16, and
' ti'iinsrci's at 29, in tlie sick fund table. The I difference will be 3d. per month or 3s. 3d. a year. The cle:ir:i,ncc value hy the table
1 is 6s. lod., but in the .smaller and more j (■ oni]):iet tables
dr.awn uj) by the High 1 Seerctiuv, 3s. 3d. at age 29 is ^^3 jos. 1
i.lil j
for 3s., and 5s. ^Id. for 3d.,
i and this is in accord with the Clearance Akdne Table now in the General Rules. If :i Tent is to admit member.s on :in in sufficient clearance value, it may just as well work on insolvent tables for other mem bers. There are evidently allowances in
the.se tables that will have to be explained ;md understood before they can be accepted. The question of Tents abroad and Tents
ta '•■ 0 .seheme'of this kind. 'Tlv: resolution from the Military and In
working on half-pay continuously are not ill into account, as they must be in tny
dian Empire Districts should not to placed in General Rules. 2UI Districts should
11s on similar lines to the He.'irls of Oak, the R.'ition.'ds. :md others.
No. too should he made ei>mpnlsor\', :ts it is iieecssjiry to [iroleet new Tents. loi is nn:'al!'.'(] lor.
.No. .\s iu No. 102, we
think a represeiUaiive should he ;i repre- sentaAvc. :ind he neither seeretarv of the nieetie.e nor haw eharge of the goods. Denhth'SS we sh.'di haw some verv livelv
dehates, and tlu* work hefore ns sei*tns verv great, lint wh.en ('onferenee gets itito tlic
h.etirt of the ttiarter. mtmv of tin- jiroposi- tlons will “ fall hv the way.” atid ottr lahotu's will not prove as fomiiilahlc as they s '1111 on paper.
THE FIRST CORONERS.
KING ALFRED’S SKARF A\LAA" OF DEALING AVri’H THOSE AA^HO AVlflRE, UNJUS’r.
AA'Iio Wits the first coroner V This was a
qnc.stinti that Mr. J. B. Little, an cx^iert on the subject, was quite unable to answer in Ills evidence lieforc the Departmental Committee on Coroners. 'The committee’s labours arc .still ttneoncltidcd, but a Bliic Book, published oti Alonday, con tains 240 pages detailing the evidence already taken— the witnesses including historians, medical expeits, and many
others. The first trustworthy ktiowledge of the
coroner was to be obtained from a direction of the Crown to the Judges iti 1194, said Mr. Little, but there were allusions to coroners before tliat. These referred to King Alfred’s time.
Ho seemed to have a predilection for- hanging his coroners bocansc they wore unjust. In early times the coroner had other-
duties than to old impiests on deaths and fires, and on treasure trove. He had, for instance, to track out criminals, extort confessions, and coufiseale theii- goods to the Crown. If a coroner’s jury found a vi-i-dict of
murder or manslanglitc-r tlii-y valni-d the accused
pcr.son’s chattels, which wci-e
forfeited lo the Crown if he was i-oiivi(-ti-d. Tliey also valued dcodands up to 1840.
AVhen a man was killed, the thing tli t killed him— a hull, for
in.slan(-e, oi- an axe— was forfeited lo the Ci-owii. If it was a bull the price wiis forfeited lo the Crown and the animal iva.s killed. Onec even the jury had to '-aliie a
steamer, and it was only hy upsetting the inquisition hy a technicality that the owners escaped having it confiscated. At first the coroner iiad no pay, and
everyone tried lo avoid the olfiee. J-ialer he was given a fee of KLs. 4d. an in(|iiest. The coroner had, and still lia.s, to be a
freeholder of the i-ounty for whieliHie a c ts ; but there was no professional qualilieation, though many were in fact barristers, solicitors, or doctors.
3 He know of one man who lionghl^a
freehold grave in Kensid Green Gemotery so as to become a froeliolder and bo eligible lo l)u a coroiic-r. He did not get his coronership, hut it teolmieally snilieient- if grave in that eemetery.
eonsidered honght a
/m m a s isa aw s s isa u u
I THEIDEALFOOD H ‘ For ohlldrtn from birth is
- |1 It coDtaias all the necessary eoattitutats ia IS
' M It forms bone, nerve and muscle*' - , 15 It is all food and no waste. M It is pure and free from'bacteria.
In It is easily and thoroughly assimilated* It requires no cooking;'oraddcd milk.
r f ie 'S am j t le $eni oh a ^ ^ f t c a f i o n f o
Ma lted Milk Ltd.i Slou^hi Biioks." g .risKasnaiKSSHiscBKi!
M It contains no Starch, and Is therefore suit- . H able for infants from birth.
I f H O R L I C K ’ S g M A L T E D M I L K ! their proper proportions.
UI lA-r-yT.-W.
IP '- ' m
;AVa]l
latest ;i your H
m 111 Jill
| i i l 1-*. KtM h i
■ w H
liring in as many as
jio.ssilfic. Ol the lour places nominated for next H.M.C., Dundee ;ind Nortliamjrlon have
not had Conlerei'.i'c before; .Slieliickl ;md .Southport have. We ;rp[)rove of .No. 98. and if 99 is car-
i| ii i i'ii em
7" M l life
i'li ‘S ■'4'i ^
iIl
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