WHITE PAPER | 2021


22. Research from OptumLabs and Boston University builds case for noninvasive treatments for low back pain; contributes to translatable impacts. (2019). Retrieved on November 1, 2019, from https://www.optumlabs.com/news-events/news/boston-university-low- back-pain.html


23. Kazis, L.E. et al. (2019). Observational retrospective study of the association of initial healthcare provider for new-onset low back pain with early and long-term opioid use. BMJ Open, 20(9). DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028633.


24. Research from OptumLabs and Boston University builds case for noninvasive treatments for low back pain; contributes to translatable impacts, ibid.


25. Gallup-Palmer College Annual Report 2017, ibid. 26. Americans Prefer Drug-Free Pain Management Over Opioids. (2019). Retrieved on October 29, 2019 from https://news.gallup.com/ reports/217676/americans-prefer-drug-free-pain-management-opioids.aspx


27. Qaseem, A. et al. (2017). Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(7), 514-530. DOI: 10.7326/M16-2367


28. Globe, G. et al. (2016). Clinical Practice Guideline: Chiropractic Care for Low Back Pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiology Therapies, 39(1) 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.10.006


29. Ibid. 30. Corporate Innovators Integrate Chiropractic Care into Healthcare Clinics. (2019). Retrieved on October 29, 2019, from https://www. ahip.org/wp-content/uploads/F4CP-Corporate-Innovators-White-Paper.pdf


31. Lisi, A.J. et al. (2018). Opioid Use Among Veterans of Recent Wars Receiving Veterans Affairs Chiropractic Care. Pain Medicine, 19)1), 54-60. DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny11


32. Legorreta, A. et al. (2004). Comparative Analysis of Individuals With and Without Chiropractic Coverage: Patient Characteristics, Utilization, and Costs. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(18), 1985-92. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.164.18.1985


33. Lord, D. et al. (2019). Integrated Physical Medicine at Employer-Sponsored Health Clinics Improves Quality of Care at Reduced Cost. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(5), 382-390. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001536


34. Goertz, C. et al. (2018). Effect of Usual Medical Care Plus Chiropractic Care vs Usual Medical Care Alone on Pain and Disability Among US Service Members With Low-Back Pain: A Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open, 1(1), 1-15. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0105


35. Ibid. 36. Ibid. 37. Foster, N. et al., ibid. 38. Nahin, R. et al. (2009). Costs of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Frequency of Visits to CAM Practitioners, 2007. National Health Stat Report, 18, 1-14.


39. Gallup-Palmer College of Chiropractic Annual Report 2016, ibid. 40. Ibid. 41. Integrative Healthcare Policy Consortium, ibid.


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