GUEST COLUMN | INDUSTRIAL CRANE SAFETY TRAINING Ensuring safe operations
James Headley, CEO of the Crane Institute of America (CIA) and the Crane Institute Certification (CIC), explains why proper training is vital to safe operation and OSHA requires operators to be properly qualified.
O
verhead cranes are essential to efficiency and production in light to heavy industrial operations. They enable workers to lift and move all types, shapes and sizes of material, fabrications and machinery safely, quickly and precisely from place to place in ways that ground-based equipment cannot. To make sure that overhead cranes are used safely, the operators, signalpersons and riggers who work with them must be trained how to rig loads and operate the cranes properly. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets the safety and training requirements for workplaces in the US and holds employers responsible for making sure work sites are safe and workers are trained properly. When it comes to the overhead cranes used in
factories, warehouses and other non-construction applications, OSHA has a specific standard only for one configuration of crane. The agency addresses safety for all other types of cranes by using its General Duty clause.
OSHA requirements OSHA’s General Industry 1910.179 standard covers cranes whose bridge and trolley both run on top of rails. Those cranes can include storage
bridge cranes, gantry cranes, pulpit-operated cranes and wall-mounted cranes that can be run from a cab or from the floor. OSHA regulates safety for all other types of non-construction overhead cranes by applying its General Duty clause, which requires employers to provide a workplace that is free of recognised hazards that could cause serious physical harm or death to employees. To help crane users understand what the General Duty clause considers safe operation, OSHA relies on best-practice standards developed by industry experts. It also uses those standards as a measuring stick for determining whether an employer has met its obligation to provide a safe working environment. The most common, and perhaps most influential, of those standards are produced by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). The ASME says the purpose of its standards is
“to help prevent or minimise injury to workers and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb and property by prescribing safety requirements”. To do that, the ASME standards address every aspect of crane use, from inspection and maintenance to operation and training.
The ASME standards that relate to overhead cranes and lifting equipment often used in industrial applications include: ASME B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes, which covers overhead and gantry cranes where the bridge and trolley run on top of rails, as well as cantilevered, semi- gantry and wall cranes.
ASME B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung), which covers hoists used on underhung cranes, including hand-operated chain hoists, as well as electrically or air- powered chain or wire-rope hoists.
ASME B30.17 Cranes and Monorails with underhung trolley or bridge, which covers bridge cranes, monorails, wall cranes and semi-gantry cranes where the trolley or bridge end-truck wheels ride on top of the lower flange of the runway or bridge girder.
ASME B30.10 Hooks, which covers a variety of hooks, such as clevis hooks, eye hooks, sister hooks, shank hooks and self-closing and locking hooks.
ASME B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, which covers load-handling equipment like coil grabs, lifting beams, spreader beams, pallet lifters, magnets, tongs, clamps, die turners, vacuum lifters and similar equipment.
ASME B30.9 Slings, which covers all types of slings, including alloy chain, wire-rope and synthetic webbing, among others.
Management responsible
As mentioned earlier, OSHA holds a company’s management responsible for providing a safe workplace. That responsibility includes making sure that equipment operators are trained properly and for verifying that the training was successful. That means training should be a priority supported by all levels of a company’s management. Operator training must cover items specific
Proper training ensures operators meet OSHA and ASME safety standards. 34 Winter 2024 |
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to the equipment and how it is used in the application. The topics must at least cover the physical characteristics of the workplace, the crane and how it works in the specific workplace, types of loads it will handle, and the responsibilities of the crane operator, riggers, signalperson and anyone else involved in moving a load. The training should include both classroom
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