SPECIAL FEATURE
Asia: Meeting infrastructure needs Infrastructure in developing countries in Asia and the Pacific has improved rapidly but remains far from adequate. More than 400 million Asians still lack electricity; roughly 300 million have no access to safe drinking water and 1.5 billion lack basic sanitation. In many countries, power outages constrain economic growth. City traffic
The map shows investment in infrastructure by global region as percentage of GDP data from
Infralatam.info
congestion costs economies huge amounts in lost productivity, wasted fuel and human stress. Developing Asia will need to invest US$1.7 trillion per year in infrastructure until 2030 to maintain its growth momentum, tackle poverty and respond to climate change. Of the total climate-adjusted investment
needs over 2016 – 2030, US$14.7 trillion will be for power and US$8.4 trillion for transport. Investments in telecommunications will reach US$2.3 trillion, with water and sanitation costs at US$800 billion over the period. Currently, the region annually invests an estimated $881 billion in infrastructure (for 25 economies with adequate data, comprising 96 percent of the region’s population). The infrastructure investment gap – the difference between investment needs and
current investment levels –
equals 2.4 percent of projected GDP for the five-year period from 2016 to 2020 when incorporating climate mitigation and adaptation costs.
Central Asia
Midde East and North Africa
6.9%
Sub-Saharan Africa
1.9%
Africa: infrastructure for growth Sub-Saharan Africa lags other developing regions in virtually all dimensions of infrastructure performance, although trends vary across key sectors. Progress has been inadequate in the power sector, where electricity-generating capacity per capita has changed little over 20 years, and although access to electricity more than doubled during 1990–2014, only 35 percent of the population has access. Sub-Saharan Africa also has the lowest road and railroad densities among developing regions, and road density declined during 1990–2011. By contrast, telecommunications infrastructure has improved dramatically: the number of fixed and mobile phone lines per 1,000 people increased from three in 1990 to 736 in 2014, and the number of
internet users per 100 people increased from 1.3 in 2005 to 16.7 in 2015. Access to safe water has also risen, from 51 percent of the population in 1990 to 77 percent in 2015. The growth benefits of closing sub-Saharan Africa’s infrastructure quantity and quality gaps are potentially large. Catching up to the median of the rest of the developing world would increase growth in GDP per capita by 1.7 percentage points per year, and closing the gap relative to the best performers would lift this growth by 2.6 percentage points per year. Closing the gap in electricity-generating capacity yields the largest potential benefit, and substantial gains also arise from narrowing the gap in the length of the road network.
Source: The World Bank Group’s Africa Pulse: An analysis of issues shaping Africa’s economic future, April 2017. 4.0% East Asia and the Pacific South Asia 5.0% 7.7% “About 600 million
Africans lack access to electricity and more than 80 percent of them
rely on biomass as their main source of energy. Also, access to water and sanitation is a major issue, particularly in rural areas. It
is estimated that closing the infrastructure gap in Africa will need about US$90 to US$110 billion annually.”
Belkacem Ouzrourou, OFID Director, Africa Region
Source: Asian Development Bank. ADB. 2017. Meeting Asia’s Infrastructure Needs.
For more information, see:
adb.org/publications/ asia-infrastructure-needs
For more information, see:
bit.ly/OQOctober2018
9
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59
