search.noResults

search.searching

note.createNoteMessage

search.noResults

search.searching

orderForm.title

orderForm.productCode
orderForm.description
orderForm.quantity
orderForm.itemPrice
orderForm.price
orderForm.totalPrice
orderForm.deliveryDetails.billingAddress
orderForm.deliveryDetails.deliveryAddress
orderForm.noItems
BUILDING DESIGN


Mayan world view ‘Evil eye’ ‘Indigestion’


Architectural concepts from the medical anthropological Mayan world view


Architectural premises


Health/disease concept Family, community Magical religious rites Views Space function Colour Midwife Pregnant women Hierarchy Form Colour Architectural texture Architectural illumination


Figure 2: Data and concepts of the family.


If this concept is contrasted with typical western public healthcare architectural and service solutions, the vacuum can be evidenced in the satisfaction of a space for treatment and pregnant Mayan women.15


The problem with primary


healthcare centres is that they are not close to the homes of pregnant women, there is no temazcal and the midwives experience discrimination and their work is misunderstood.16 In architecture, the solution might seem simple; to build a temazcal inside a health centre. However, to do so without understanding the religious and ritualistic context is destined to fail. According to Fernando Martin Juez: “The anthropology of design aims to explore what links human – the central theme of anthropology – with the object – the core task of design; that which guides the creation of things, their uses and the place they keep in the memory of the community. I understand by community a form of grouping whose members can identify the spatial and temporal boundaries that demarcate it, and which allows some degree of cohesion.”17 It is important to understand that in


the temazcal – pregnant woman space concept, the Mayan world view is omnipresent because its configuration and internal spatial characteristics are metaphorically related to the maternal womb, which is understood as “the original and primary model.”17


primary healthcare building. The architect needs to address not only the physical requirements but also the magical and spiritual ones. As a result of these reflections, the authors developed a basic conceptual integration scheme between western and Mayan medicine after review and discussion of Diaz’s thesis (see Figure 1). A transversal axis was proposed that allowed the integration of space for Mayan medicine. For Diaz, the idea was to create a balance between western and Mayan health systems,18


but for the


authors, this means creating a syncretic architectural space concept, which must integrate the Mayan world vision into all the spatial characteristics of the primary healthcare centre.


The interior


of the temazcal functionally relates to other areas – which Martin Juez calls secondary patterns – that are a set of support spaces such as an area where medicinal herbs used for ritual bathing are grown. They also indicate the sequence and frequency of activities.17


Thus, the


temazcal – pregnant woman space concept has the cultural force to introduce a religious magical element to a


IFHE DIGEST 2018


Conclusion As a result of having analysed the needs of pregnant women, several issues arose that will be taken into account during the next phase of research. Figure 2 shows a qualitative synthesis of the principal Mayan data and concepts. It also indicates a methodological path to achieving a syncretic group or architectural premises. In a country of syncretism, it is important to remember that in order to promote a 21st century western world view, an holistic approach and an understanding of the Mayan world view is necessary. There is no path; we must create it.


Mayan


world view/ Mayan


archetype


3 Icú Perén H. Revival of Maya Medicine and Impact for its Social and Political Recognition (in Guatemala). A case study commissioned by the Health Systems Knowledge Network (Guatemala). [www.who.int/social_determinants/ resources].


4 Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 2nd edn. US: SAGE Publications Inc, 1998.


Syncretism


Western world view/ western archetype


5 Diaz G. Centro de Atención Municipal Materno Infantil, Con Pertinencia Cultural, San Jose Chacayá, Solola. Tesis, Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad de San Carlos, 2017.


6 Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Guatemala. Modelo de Atención Integral En Salud. Guatemala, 2013. [www.paho.org].


7. Fernando MJ. Contribuciones para una antropología del diseño. España: Editorial Gedisa, 2002.


8 Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano y Rural Conadur and Secretaría de Planificación y Programación de la Presidencia Segeplan, Plan Nacional de Desarrollo K’atun: Nuestra Guatemala 2032. Guatemala: Serviprensa, 2014. [www.undp.org].


9 Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Guatemala. Modelo Incluyente En Salud. Pub L No Acuerdo Ministerial 2016; 261.


10 Perén I. Revival of Maya Medicine and Impact on its Social and Political Recognition (in Guatemala). A case study commissioned by the Health Systems Knowledge Network.


11 Dr Lucrecia Hernandez, Minister of Health of Guatemala at the 70th World Health Assembly, 2017. [www.youtube.com/ watch?v=czg654JehH0].


12 Girón I. El temazcal: un estudio arqueológico y su trascendencia contemporánea (the temazcal: an archaeological study and its contemporary transcendence). Undergraduate archeology thesis, Escuela de Historia, Universidad de San Carlos, 1985. [http://biblioteca.usac.edu.gt/tesis/14/ 14_0062.pdf].


13 Huber BR, Sandstrom AR. Mesoamerican Healers. US: University of Texas Press, 2001.


14 Aparicio A. El temazcal en la cultura tradicional de salud y en la etnomedicina mesoamericana. The ‘temazcal’ in the Mesoamerican traditional culture of health and ethnomedicine. Gazeta de Antropología 2006; 22 (16): 8.


IFHE


References 1 The World Bank. (2017) Guatemala Overview: The World Bank in Guatemala. [www.worldbank.org/en/country/guatemala/ overview].


2 Vides A, Alvarez A. La Medicina Tradicional Como Un Modelo de Atención Integral En Salud. Revista 25 de La Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala, 2013.


16 Sánchez G. Comadronas Denuncian Agresiones y Exigen Respeto (Midwifes denounce aggression and demand respect). Prensa Libre, 2017. [www.prensalibre.com/ guatemala/justicia/comadronas-denuncian- agresiones-y-exigen-respeto].


17 Juez FM. Contribuciones para una antropología del diseño.


18 Diaz Hernández GM. Centro de Atención Municipal Materno Infantil, Con Pertinencia Cultural, San Jose Chacayá, Solola.


53


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88