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ENERGY MANAGEMENT


Concentrated tracking solar thermal field. The fenestration design.


It is believed this is the first time a static fire water supply has been used for this purpose in Australia. The hospital now has the ability to produce 1100 kW of chilled water at very low cost via the absorption chiller/solar fields. For a small amount of additional input energy this can be increased to 2000 kW. Coupled with both hot water and


chilled water storage this energy can be produced and stored for use at peak times in summer and to provide base load heating in winter. A 1500 kW electric chiller is used to recharge the tanks at night and cover night time chilled water load. This is advantageous as the peak electrical demand is now decoupled from the air conditioning load. Another advantage is that the electrical chiller that operates at night has a much higher co-efficient of performance (COP) and a lower electrical tariff during this time. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) will carry out a case study to determine the most efficient operating mode and overall system COP so this technology can move towards business as usual for capital redevelopments. Additional advantages of the chilled


water strategy were seen in the electrical infrastructure which saw smaller sub- mains and distribution systems as the chilled water capacity was being produced by absorption chillers rather than electrical chillers. The result of the smaller electrical load and demand profile also meant the on-site generation could be matched to the entire site load, eliminating the need to segregate essential and non-essential circuits. This had a direct impact on the capacity of generation and the cost of electrical infrastructure from sub-mains to distribution boards and load shedding.


Grid synchronisation Most hospitals have some form of back up electrical generation in combination with uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or diesel rotary uninterruptible power supply devices (DRUPS). ERH is no different in this respect and set some key deliverables from the generation design. These were: generators to be tested on real site load; all testing to occur without an outage; a seamless return to normal supply is required after a supply authority outage.


18 Insulated fire tanks.


When installing generation at a hospital, the electrical wiring standards that are referenced for relate to demand. The supply side of the installation also has rules that vary by jurisdiction. In Victoria, the Victorian Service and Installation Rules (SIR) are applied by the wholesaler. It is important to know this if you have a desire to synchronise with the supply authority grid in order to take yourself off or on the grid. The relevant Australian standards are:


l AS3000 electrical wiring rules l AS3003 patient treatment areas l AS3009 electrical installations - emergency power supplies in hospitals


l AS3010 electrical installations - generating sets.


In Victoria, the SIR 6.9.4 states: “Standby generators can be installed within an installation as a back-up alternative supply that can be used when a distribution network supply interruption occurs.


Standby generators can only be installed with a break before make transfer that will not allow the generator to electrically connect to the distribution network.” This means that a hospital generator cannot be called a standby generator if synchronisation is required. SIR 6.9.4 also states: “In some


circumstances it is desirable to be able to transfer load from the distribution network supply to the generator or vice versa without interrupting the supply to the generator. This type of transfer is called make before break (or closed transition transfer) and requires a generator to be able to synchronise with the distribution network supply. Back-up generators with make before


break transfer allow the generators to be load tested without disrupting the load. Likewise they may allow the load to be transferred from the generator back to the distribution network.” “Any generator that can synchronise with or electrically connect to the distribution network is considered an embedded generator.” The correct terminology in Victoria


for the type of installation required is an ‘embedded non-exporting back-up generator’, which is different to a standby emergency generator. Numerous hospitals have had applications to synchronise refused at design stage simply because ‘standby’ had been ticked instead of ‘other’ on the supply authority application form.


An open stairwell.


The front entrance block. IFHE DIGEST 2018


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