COMPOSITES | MATERIALS


length of approximately 2km each, qualified for transfer of natural gas and prepared for CO2


.


In the second phase of the project, its TCP will be repurposed for liquid CO2


transport. Using TES’s


approach to clean hydrogen production, CO2 is a designated circular carrier to enable cost-effective transport of green hydrogen in the form of syn- thetic methane. Following capture of the hydrogen, the CO2


is returned to the green hydrogen produc-


tion source using the TCP flowlines. “Our TCP is perfectly suited for this project as it is field-proven in the harshest offshore environ- ments in the world : it does not corrode and is compatible with CO2


,” said Martin van Onna, CEO


of Strohm. “Its low carbon footprint compared to steel pipe further enhances its suitability for the project.”


Flexible installation Delegates at the recent Oil & Gas Non-Metallics conference – organised by AMI – discovered several benefits of composite pipe. In one example, Jean-Louis Poisson, lead polymer materials engineer at Baker Hughes, described the use of spoolable composite pipes in high-temperature, high-pressure installations. Poisson said that composite pipe has compara-


ble strength to steel, but superior durability. Installation cost was also far lower, he said. Other advantages include high corrosion- and


erosion-resistance, flexibility and ease of installation. Pipe up to 8in diameter typically uses separate polymers – such as HDPE, PA or PPS – in various layers, including a base liner, tie-bond layer, centre layer (for high-temperature strength), a reinforce- ment layer and an abrasion-resistant jacket. Such a structure will have around 25% of the carbon footprint of steel, he said. He estimated the time and cost of installing


20km of pipe made from either steel or compos- ites: a steel line might require nearly 1700 connec- tions and take 24 weeks to install – by 30 workers – at a cost of US$10 million; the composite line, in contrast, might need 70 connections, which could be done by three workers in one week – at a cost of around US$40,000, he said.


Polyketones performance Abderrazak Traidia, an R&D specialist at Saudi Aramco, told delegates about potential applica- tions of aliphatic polyketones (POKs) in oil and gas pipe.


POKs are semi-crystalline thermoplastics resin


made from olefin monomers (ethylene and propylene plus carbon monoxide. The carbonyl


www.pipeandprofile.com


group in the polymer backbone provides proper- ties such as mechanical strength, thermal and barrier performance, and chemical and wear resistance.


It was originally commercialised by Shell in


1990, but was discontinued in 2000. It was later reintroduced to the market by Hyosung in 2014. Traidia gave an overview of a testing pro-


gramme to assess the possible use of POK in wet sour aromatic hydrocarbon (HC) service at high temperature. The key findings were: l good retention of mechanical properties after exposure to HCs at 93°C with no apparent signs of chemical degradation;


l limited swelling and weight uptake compared to PE-RT aged at the same temperature;


l good barrier properties towards H2 S/CO2 /CH4 permeation when compared to PE-RT at 82°C;


l strong discoloration and oxidation at higher temperatures (220F) – which was also observed during extrusion; and,


l significant reduction in ductility when exposed to HCs and water at 104°C, possibly due to polymer chain scission and hydrolysis in the amorphous regions. “Further investigation is required to properly conclude on the operating envelop of POK in wet HC service,” he said.


CLICK ON THE LINKS FOR MORE INFORMATION: � www.rgu.ac.uk � www.scu.edu.cn � www.njtech.edu.cn � www.whut.edu.cn � www.tuiasi.ro � www.strohm.eu � www.bakerhughes.com � www.aramco.com


January/February 2023 | PIPE & PROFILE EXTRUSION 17


Above: Baker Hughes is a leading


manufacturer of flexible onshore


composite pipe


IMAGE: BAKER HUGHES


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