ADDITIVES | PROCESSING AIDS
Nederland. “In injection moulding, the internal lubrication effect during plasticising and injection allows processing at lower temperatures, contribut- ing to an energy reduction. Alternatively, it can reduce the injection pressure allowing more complex shapes to be moulded, as well as thinner walled parts, leading to a reduction in materials required to produce the part.” There is a dual benefit in stretch-blow moulding
Figure 1: Effect of the inclusion of 0.3phr of CEVO-process J-3400 on tensile (E) modulus of PC reinforced with carbon fibre contents of 9.7, 17.2 and 28.5phr Source: Völpker Spezialprodukte
applications. During production of the preform, IncroMax 100 offers the benefits seen in other types of injection moulding, while during stretch- ing and blowing it acts as a processing aid to allow the material to be stretched more easily. Data collected from Queen’s University Belfast in
Northern Ireland has shown that the inclusion of IncroMax 100 in injection moulded preforms decreases the load required for stretching. This effect allows an energy reduction (due to a de- crease in stretching load) or a reduction in operat- ing temperature. Extended necking was also observed, showing the potential for more stretch- ing with less stress-whitening. “IncroMax 100 provides many benefits as a
processing aid, but at higher dosage levels can also provide improved slip properties by reducing the coefficient of friction, improved scuff and scratch resistance, and packing and de-nesting,” Blundell adds.
Malaysian oleochemicals company KLK OLEO,
Figure 2: Effect of the inclusion of 0.3phr of CEVO-process J-3400 on tensile strength of PC reinforced with carbon fibre contents of 9.7, 17.2 and 28.5phr Source: Völpker Spezialprodukte
part of the international plantations group KLK, offers products specially synthesised for the polymer segment under the Palmowax EBS, Palmowax EBO, and Palmester PETS brands. According to the company, ethylene bis-steara- mide (EBS), which it has been producing since 1997, has excellent internal and external lubricating properties; it also highlights its much higher melting point (141-145°C) than other primary amides, making it suitable for use in most thermoplastics. To complement its amide waxes, KLK OLEO
Figure 3: Influence of IncroMax 100 on stress/strain relationship in PET Source: Queen’s University Belfast/Croda
62 COMPOUNDING WORLD | April 2021
recently launched pentaerytritol tetrastearate (Palmester PETS) for polymer lubrication applica- tions. This is an ester derivative with high thermal stability, making it especially suitable for various engineering plastics with processing temperatures exceeding 230°C. The company cites polycarbon- ate and PC-based alloys as examples. It is compat- ible with most commercial stabilisers and does not affect the clarity of PC during extrusion. It also provides good anti-blocking, flowability, mould release and increased surface gloss. Introduced to improve the quality of PET bottles containing recycled content, Avient’s Colormatrix Smartheat RHC liquid dispersion processing aid is
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