PHOTO: RUUD PLOEG FOTOGRAFIE
Water source heat pumps have long water pipes buried in the ground in a horizontal or vertical config- uration that can transfer heat up or down a temperature gradient.
Water source heat pump technology Water source heat pump technology is commonly used in broiler houses to regulate the environmental temperature. This technology provides an effective approach to supplying water and space heating, and can be adapted to a range of water bodies, including groundwater, lakes and rivers. Water source heat pump technology draws heat from a water source and increases its temperature to a suitable level for water and space heating. Although the initial investment costs are high, heat pumps have a long working life and a low carbon footprint which makes them an optimum solu- tion for heating sheds in the heating season, along with a rapid return on investment. Water source heat pumps can save up to 33% of energy costs, contributing to a 22% return on initial investment with a payback period of five years. Running costs are generally 25-50% cheaper than conven- tional heat pumps and carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by about 75%.
How it works Water source heat pumps have long water pipes which are buried in the ground in horizontal or vertical configurations to transfer heat up or down a temperature gradient. Open- loop systems circulate water from a water source. A water source heat pump can raise temperatures from about 12°C up to 60°C. In addition, this technology can reverse the process at any time to cool sheds, or even provide heating and cooling simultaneously.
Global status of water source heat pump Sweden, the USA, Germany, Switzerland, Canada and Austria are the leading countries utilising water source heat pumps.
22 ▶ POULTRY WORLD | No. 5, 2022
The technology is gaining popularity in France, the Nether- lands, China, Japan, Russia, the UK, Norway, Denmark, Ire- land, Australia, Poland, Romania Turkey, Korea, Italy, Argenti- na, Chile, Iran and Norway. Adoption of the technology has been slower than for some other renewable and conventional energy technologies due to such factors as non-standard sys- tem design, significant capital cost compared to other sys- tems, lack of sufficient installation expertise and limitations on use due to government policies.
To conclude The development and application of renewable and sustaina- ble energy technologies is essential to improve the produc- tion performance, health and welfare of broilers. Water is used throughout the world as a sustainable, renewable and climate-friendly energy source for electricity production, space heating and cooling, as well as for industrial purposes and agricultural production. Water source heat pump tech- nology has environmental and economic benefits with the potential to provide heating and cooling of broiler houses si- multaneously. It can improve air quality inside the broiler house, enhance the broiler housing environment, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, as a result, benefit the pro- duction performance of broilers by improving their health and welfare at a lower energy cost compared to conventional heating systems used in broiler houses. However, further studies are needed to resolve the issues and challenges that are limiting the growth of this technology and to increase global acceptance of the water source heat pump. Further re- search should also concentrate on the development of hybrid technologies to improve the performance of the system so that it can better serve the poultry industry.
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